Subclinical inflammation and obesity, diabetes and related disorders

Modern lifestyles, especially dietary habits, not only lead to obesity but also to low-grade systemic inflammation, mediated in part by oxidative stress. In obesity, alterations in the pattern of secreted adipokines (decreased adiponectin and increased pro-inflammatory cytokines) amplify this inflammation. Intracellular inflammatory mediators, notably JNK and IKK (often via serine or threonine kinases), iNOS-based S-nitrosation and SOCS-3 impair insulin and/or leptin signaling and downregulate mitochondrial biogenesis and function. In the pancreas, similar mechanisms appear to decrease insulin secretion and beta cell mass. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Modern lifestyles, especially dietary habits, not only lead to obesity but also to low-grade systemic inflammation, mediated in part by oxidative stress. In obesity, alterations in the pattern of secreted adipokines (decreased adiponectin and increased pro-inflammatory cytokines) amplify this inflammation. Intracellular inflammatory mediators, notably JNK and IKK (often via serine or threonine kinases), iNOS-based S-nitrosation and SOCS-3 impair insulin and/or leptin signaling and downregulate mitochondrial biogenesis and function. In the pancreas, similar mechanisms appear to decrease insulin secretion and beta cell mass. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved23307312Wild, S., Global prevalence of diabetes: Estimates for the year 2000 and projections for 2030 (2004) Diabetes Care, 27, pp. 1047-1053Lazar, M.A., How obesity causes diabetes: Not a tall tale (2005) Science, 307, pp. 373-375Duncan, B.B., The epidemiology of low-grade chronic systemic inflammation and type 2 diabetes Diabetes Technol. Ther., , (in press)Schmidt, M.I., Diabesity: An inflammatory metabolic condition (2003) Clin. Chem. Lab. Med., 41, pp. 1120-1130Lopez-Garcia, E., Consumption of trans fatty acids is related to plasma biomarkers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction (2005) J. 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