Frontal Lobe Disfunction In Children And Adolescents With Temporal Lobe Epilepsy And Possible Correlation With Psychiatric Disorders [a Disfunção Do Lobo Frontal Em Crianças E Adolescentes Com Epilepsia De Lobo Temporal E Sua Possível Correlação Com A Ocorrência De Transtornos Psiquiátricos]

Introduction: There is evidence that individuals with certain types of epilepsy may present cognitive disorders, and that these disorders can be more debilitating than seizures proper. Frontal lobe disorders are reported in adults with temporal lobe epilepsy, carachterized by executive disfunction. Rationale: Literary revision of work concerning the occurence of frontal lobe dysfunction in children and adolescents with temporal lobe epilepsy. Methods: Systematic revision of published literature in PUBMED. Results: Frontal lobe dysfunction has been poorly studied in children with epilepsy, especially in temporal lobe epilepsy. In the only study on the subject, executive deficit was demonstrated. Moreover, children with mesial sclerosis had more deficit in execution/planning than those with frontal or temporal neocortical lesions. Presence of frontal lobe dysfunction, in patients with partial and generalized epilepsy, may corroborate evidence that epilepsy and psychiatric disorders are epiphenomena and not cause-effect related phenomena. Conclusion: There are few articles on frontal lobe dysfunction in children with temporal lobe epilepsy. It would be interesting to find out if, and how much this occurs, and if patients with distinct etiologies present different levels of functional disability.113131136ILAE - Diagnosis. Clinical Neuropsychology: Cognitive Function in Epilepsy. Epilepsia 200344(6):29-30Blume, W.T., Diagnosis and management of epilepsy (2003) CMAJ, 168 (4), pp. 441-448Akanuma, N., Lateralising Value of Neuropsychological Protocols for Presurgical Assessment of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (2003) Epilepsia, 44 (3), pp. 408-418Kim, H., Material- Specific Memory in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: Effects of seizure Laterality and Language Dominance (2003) Neuropsychology, 17 (1), pp. 59-68Kim, H., Differential Effects of left versus right mesial temporal lobe epilepsy on Wechsler Intelligence Factors (2003) Neuropsychology, 17 (4), pp. 556-565Hermann, B.P., Seidenberg, M., Schoenfeld, J., Davis, K., Neuropsychological characteristics of the syndrome of Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (1997) Arch Neurol, 54 (4), pp. 369-376Riva, D., (2001) Memory disturbance in early hippocampal pathology, pp. 167-174. , Avanzini G et al. Limbic seizures in Children. Milão: John Libbey;Cheung, M., Chang, A.S., Memory impairment in humans after bilateral damage to lateral temporal neocortex (2003) Neuroreport, 14 (3), pp. 371-374Lezak MD. Neuropsychological Assessment. 3a ed. Nova Iorque: Oxford University Press1995. p.42621-5Doval, O., Gaviria, M., Kanner, A.M., (2001) Frontal lobe dysfunction in epilepsy, pp. 261-271. , editors. Psychiatric Issues in epilepsy, a practical guide to diagnosis and treatment. Filadélfia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins;Hermann, B.P., Seidenberg, M., Executive system dysfunction in temporal lobe epilepsy: Effects of nociferous cortex versus hippocampal pathology (1995) J Clin Exp Neuropsychol, 7, pp. 809-819Trenery, M., Jack Jr, C.R., Wisconsin Card Sorting Test performance before and after temporal loberctomy (1994) J Epilepsy, 7, pp. 313-317Corcoran, R., Upton, D., A role for the hippocampus in card sorting? (1993) Cortex, 29, pp. 293-304Hermann, B.P., Wyler, A.R., Ritchie, E.T., Wisconsin Card Sorting Test performance in patients with complex partial seizures of temporal lobe origin (1988) J Clin Neuropsychol, 10, pp. 467-476Horner, M.D., Flashman, L.A., Freides, D., Focal epilepsy and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (1989) J Clin Exp Neuropsychol, 11, p. 74Adams, C.B.T., Temporal lobectomy in 44 children: Outcome and neuropsychological follow-up (1990) J. Epilepsy, 3 (1), pp. 157-168Jambaque, I., Verbal and visual memory impairment in children with epilepsy (1993) Neuropsychologia, 314, pp. 1321-1337Lendt, M., Helmstaedter, C., Elger, C.E., Pre-and postoperative neuropsychological profiles in children and adolescents with temporal lobe epilepsy (1999) Epilepsia, 40 (11), p. 1543Szabó, C.A., Neuropsychological effect of temporal lobe resection in preadolescent children with epilepsy (1998) Epilepsia, 39 (8), pp. 814-819Igarashi, K., Oguni, H., Osawa, M., Yutaka, A., Wisconsin Card Sorting Test in children with Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (2002) Brain & Devel, 24 (3), pp. 174-178Bortz, J.J., Neuropsychiatry and memory issues in epilepsy (2003) Epilepsy, 78 (6), pp. 781-787Ott, D., Behavioral Disorders in Pediatric Epilepsy: Unmet Psychiatric Need (2003) Epilepsia, 44 (4), pp. 591-597Thome-Souza, S., Kuczynski, E., Assumpcao Jr, F., Rzezak, P., Fuentes, D., Fiore, L., Valente, K.D., Which factors may play a pivotal role on determining the type of psychiatric disorder in children and adolescents with epilepsy? (2004) Epilepsy Behav, 5 (6), pp. 988-994. , Dec;Kanner, A.M., Balabanov, A., Depression and epilepsy: How closely related are they? (2002) Neurology, 58 (8 SUPPL. 5), pp. S27-S39. , Apr 23;Gadian, D.G., Isaacs, E.B., Cross, J.H., Connelly, A., Jackson, G.D., King, M.D., Neville, B.G.R., Vargha-Khadem, F., Lateralization of brain fuction in childhood revealed by magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1996) Neurology, 46, pp. 974-977Hermann, B., Seidenberg, M., Bell, B., Rutecki, P., Sheth, R., Ruggles, K., Wendt, G., Magnotta, V., The neurodevelopmental impact of childhood onset temporal lobe epilepsy on brain structure and fuction (2002) Epilepsia, 43 (9), pp. 1062-1071Gilliam, F., Maton, B., Martin, R.C., Extent of 1H spectroscopy abnormalities independently predicts mood status and quality of life in temporal lobe epilepsy (2000) Epilepsia, 41 (SUPPL. 7), p. 54Schildkraut, J.J., The catecolamine hypothesis of affective disorders: A review of supporting evidence (1965) Am J Psychiatry, 122, pp. 509-522Jobe, P.C., Dailey, J.W., Wernick, J.F., A noradrenergic and serotonergic hypothesis of the linkage between epilepsy and affective disorders (1999) Crit Rev Neurobiol, 13, pp. 317-356Jobe, P.C., Mishra, P.K., Adams-Curtis, L.E., The genetically epilepsy-prone rat (GEPR) (1995) Ital J Neurol Sci, 16, pp. 91-99Lehmann, A., Audiogenic seizures data in mice supporting new theories of biogenic amines mechanisms in the central nervous system (1967) Life Sci, 6, pp. 1423-1431Meldrum, B.S., Anlezark, G.M., Adam, H.K., Greenwod, D.T., Anticonvulsivant and proconvulsant properties of viloxazine hydrochloride: Pharmacological and pharmacokinetic studies in rodents and epileptic baboon (1982) Psychopharmacology (Berl), 76, pp. 212-217Polc, P., Scheeberg, J., Haefely, W., Effects of several centrally active drugs on the sleep-wakefulness cycle of cats (1979) Neuropharmacology, 18, pp. 259-267Piette, Y., Delaunois, A.L., De Shaepdryver, A.F., Heymans, C., Imipramine and electroshock threshold (1963) Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther, 144, p. 293Yanagita, T., Wakasa, Y., Kiyohara, H., Drug dependence potential of viloxazine hydrochloride tested in rhesus monkeys (1980) Pharmacol Biochem Behav, 12, pp. 155-161Fromm, G.H., Rosen, J.A., Amores, C.Y., Clinical and experimental investigation of the effect of imipramine on epilepsy (1971) Epilepsia, 12, p. 282Fromm, G.H., Wessel, H.B., Glass, J.D., Alvin, J.D., Van Horn, G., Imipramine in absence and myoclonic-astatic seizures (1978) Neurology, 28, pp. 953-957Fromm, G.H., Amores, C.Y., Thies, W., Imipramine in epilepsy (1972) Arch Neurol, 27, pp. 198-20