In a famous but often misunderstood article, Lévi-Strauss defines the notions of structure and model, and asserts the significance of these notions for the social sciences. We find there notions such as group, topology and order, as well as the distinction between mechanical models and statistical models, and a classification of the social sciences (history, sociology, etnography and ethnology) based on such notions. It this a residue of scientificism, to be discarded in later works, and to be contrasted with the humanism of Tristes Tropiques, for instance? The answer is no, not only because such notions stay alive in Lévi-Strauss later works, but also because some of the most basic ideas on society and history, present in Tristes Tropique...