The limits and the meaning of the controversy between realists who invoke facts and cosmopolitans who invoke norms, regarding the prospects of the international order after September 11, 2001, are examined. Against the idea of a retrieval by the USA of multilateralism, or its opposite, the idea of the USA as the center of a true worldwide imperial order, a transition scenario is proposed, marked by inter- and intra-state disturbances, notwithstanding the real possibility of a more balanced configuration in the future.Examinam-se os limites e o significado da controvérsia entre realistas que invocam fatos e cosmopolitas que invocam normas, com referência às perspectivas da ordem internacional após 11 de setembro de 2001. Contra a idéia da re...