An instructional design and implementation of customary legends in intercultural Chinese teaching

語言與文化脣齒相依，在語言學習與教學的層面上，文化的概念具有相當程度的重要性，特別是屬於高語境的華語，擁有豐富的文化意涵。華人社會中的民間風俗緊貼日常，是理解生活文化的重要線索。華語學習者能透過習俗傳說的故事性，理解隱含的華人文化背景，避免文化誤解，達到尊重他人，進而培養跨文化的能力。 民間故事的教學多置放於中文母語學習者的教育歷程，而在華語文教學的領域，仍以華裔或中高級以上程度學習者為大宗。故本研究以民間文學中的習俗傳說為範圍，中級華語學習者為對象，使用內容分析法找出合適的文化教學主題，文本分析法探析教材與跨文化教學點，並援引前人歸納之文化教材編寫與教學設計理論，做出教學設計，另以調查研究法中的研究工具作為輔助，透過行動研究法檢視華語文教學的實踐。 本研究目的有二，一為發展習俗傳說與跨文化概念應用於成人華語課程之教學設計；二為探討習俗傳說與跨文化概念於成人華語課程之實施成效。本文融合ADDIE教學模式之五大步驟，包含分析、設計、發展、實施、評鑑，以及Moran之體驗式學習循環，包括理解內容、理解方法、理解原因、理解自我，作為本研究課程設計模式。並以影音、問卷、訪談等資料等研究工具，作為評估實施成果與修正依據。 本文研究結果如下：第一，於教學設計方面，本研究採用兩項教學模式之融合，為ADDIE教學模式及Moran之體驗式學習循環，有助於文化教學更加完整，達到跨文化的範疇，另外，於教材設計中，需針對學習者程度考量詞彙難易度，並注意應符合教學宗旨與課堂設計；第二，於實施成效方面，以習俗傳說為素材之華語教學課程，能夠增進學習者的語言技能，提供文化學習與體驗的機會，達到跨文化的目的。Language and culture are inextricably linked. Cultural concepts are considerably important for language learning and teaching, particularly for Chinese, a highly contextualized language with rich cultural implications. Folk customs in Chinese society are closely related to everyday life and can serve as important clues for understanding the living culture. Stories involving customs and legends can help learners of Chinese understand Chinese cultural implications, avoid cultural misunderstandings, achieve respect for others, and develop interculturel competence. The teaching of folktales is usually used in the education of native Chinese speakers. In the field of teaching Chinese as a second language, it is generally restricted to heritage learners or learners at or above the high intermediate level. This study focuses on customary legends in folk literature with intermediate learners as the target group. Content analysis is used to determine appropriate topics for cultural teaching and text analysis to analyze teaching materials and intercultural teaching points. Established theories of cultural materials compilation and instructional design were referenced to inform our own instructional design. In addition, I adopted action research design and developed a survey instrument to use as an aid in examining the practice of Chinese language teaching. The study has two objectives: first, to develop an instructional design for the teaching of customary legends, and intercultural concepts in adult Chinese language courses; and second, to investigate the effectiveness of utilizing customary legends, and intercultural concepts in adult Chinese language courses. ADDIE model (analysis, design, development, implementation and evaluation) and Moran’s experiential learning cycle (knowing about, knowing how, knowing why, and knowing oneself) were used as models for course design. In addition, videos, questionnaires, and interviews were used to evaluate the implementation outcomes, and served as a basis for revision. The results were as follows: First, the two teaching models that were incorporated into the instructional design for this study, the ADDIE Model and Moran’s experiential learning cycle, contributed to the comprehensiveness of cultural teaching and the achievement of an intercultural scope. However, during materials development, it was important to ensure that the degree of difficulty of the vocabulary matched learner levels, and that the vocabulary aligned with the teaching objectives and course design. Second, in respect to the effectiveness of implementation, I concluded that a Chinese language teaching course utilizing customary legends as teaching materials can enhance learner language skills, provide cultural learning and experiential opportunities, and achieve intercultural goals