The communication strategies of terrorist organization – A case study of Islamic State(IS)

伊斯蘭國2014年6月悍然宣佈建立「哈里發國」後，在短短數年內竄升成為當前最危險、最富有、最具影響力與知名度的恐怖組織，更被聯合國安理會認定為「國際和平與安全面臨前所未有的全球性威脅」。然而，伊斯蘭國並非一群僥倖得逞的暴徒，而是透過各種策略性手段急遽壯大的恐怖強敵。精準的傳播策略是伊斯蘭國快速崛起的重要因素，通過專業與系統性的宣傳機制，特別是社群媒體的運用，成功獲得全球各地的年輕人對組織的認同與支持，繼而加入和移居伊斯蘭國。 本研究認為，伊斯蘭國的傳播策略與內容主要可分成三大部分：宗教理念與政治訴求的宣傳、對敵對勢力或異教徒的恐嚇威脅，以及吸引外籍人士加入或移居伊斯蘭國。伊斯蘭國通過官方雜誌、自製視頻和社群媒體等多種宣傳管道，宣揚恐怖主義思潮，同時散播恐懼氛圍和塑造社會輿論，進一步擴大組織影響力。 面對伊斯蘭國的壯大與極端思維的滲透，除了關注其發起的恐怖行動，更需警惕其意識形態的傳播，因此有必要深入探究其傳播策略的實施與運用，瓦解伊斯蘭國在宣傳戰上的優勢地位，遏止該組織繼續擴張。In June 2014, Islamic State (IS) formally declared the establishment of “Caliphate” and had become the richest, most dangerous, most influential and well-known terrorist organization in just a few years. At the same time, United Nations Security Council had determined that IS constituted an “unprecedented threat” to international peace and security. However, IS is not a group of “lucky” thugs, but a strong enemy of terror that grows rapidly through a variety of strategic means. The effective communication strategies play an important role in the rise of IS. Through the professional and systematic publicity mechanism, especially the use of social media, IS had gained the recognition and support of the youths around the world, as well as the immigration to the regions that controlled by IS. This study assumes that the communication strategies and media content of IS can be divided into three parts, which include the propaganda of religious concept and political appeal, the intimidation and threat to hostile forces or Infidel, and the attraction for foreign fighters of joining and immigrating to IS. As the expansion of IS and the infiltration of extreme ideology is getting serious nowadays, it is more vigilant to the spread of extreme ideology in addition to concern about the terrorist acts. Thus, it is necessary to discuss further about the implementation of its communication strategies so that the anti-terrorism alliance can collapse the dominance of IS in the propaganda war and impede IS from the continuous expansion