Effects of developmental gymnastics programs exercise on development of motor skills and abilities and morphological characteristics of preschool children

Cilj ovog istraživanja bilo je ispitivanje efekata programa razvojne gimnastike na motoričke veštine, motoričke sposobnosti i morfološke karakteristike dece predškolskog uzrasta. Uzorak ispitanika činilo je ukupno 220 dece (140 dečaka i 80 devojčica), uzrasta 4 - 7 godina (AS = 5,19 ± 0,90 decimalnih godina). Eksperimentalnu grupu činilo je 99 dece (76 dečaka i 23 devojčice; AS = 5,42 ± 0,82 decimalnih godina) uključenih u program razvojne gimnastike u sportskoj školici. Kontrolnu grupu činilo je 121 dete (64 dečaka i 57 devojčica; AS = 4,99 ± 0,91 decimalnih godina) iz Predškolske Ustanove „Radosno detinjstvo“ koje nije uključeno u ovaj vid fizičkog vežbanja. Uzorak mera i testova za procenu antropološkog prostora ispitanika podeljen je u tri podprostora i to: motoričke veštine (TGMD-2 baterija), motoričke sposobnosti (baterija motoričkih testova i KTK baterija) i antropometrijske mere (dimenzionalnost skeleta, voluminoznost, masa tela i potkožno masno tkivo). Na osnovu rezultata može se zaključiti da postoji veći napredak eksperimentalne grupe u izvođenju većine testova motoričkih veština i sposobnosti u odnosu na kontrolnu grupu. Eksperimentalni tretman u trajanju od 9 meseci je bio dovoljan da utiče na povećanje nivoa pomenutih veština i sposobnosti eksperimentalne grupe, a takođe je imao i pozitivan uticaj na pojedine morfološke karakteristike, kao što je redukcija telesne masti.The aim of this research was to examine the effects of developmental gymnastics programmed exercise on motor skills, motor abilities and morphological characteristics of pre-school age children. The sample consisted of 220 children (140 boys and 80 girls), 4 - 7 age old (AS = 5.19 ± 0.90 decimal ages). There were 99 children (76 boys and 24 girls; AS = 5.42 ± 0.82 decimal ages) in the experimental group, which was involved in programmed exercise of developmental gymnastics in sports school. Control group consisted of 121 children (64 boys and 57 girls; AS = 4.99 ± 0.91 decimal ages) from the Preschool Institution „Radosno detinjstvo“. The control group was not involved in the programmed exercise treatment. The sample of measurements and tests for assessment of anthropological dimensions of the examinees was divided into three sub-dimensions: motor skills (TGMD-2 battery), motor abilities (motor ability tests and KTK battery) and anthropometric measurements (body dimensionality, body volume, body mass and subcutaneous fat tissue). The results implicate the larger improvement of the experimental group in the majority of the motor skills and motor abilities tests compared to control group. The experimental treatment used during the period of 9 months enabled children of the experimental group to reach higher levels of mentioned skills and abilities, but also had a positive influence on certain morphological characteristics, for example the reduction of body fat