The Influence of Polychronicity Diversity on Work Group Performance and Group Members’ Stress: The Cross-Level Moderating Effect of Temporal Planning

在瞬息萬變的工作環境中，資訊量龐大而繁雜，工作團體成員自身的時間分配，影響著任務執行期間的團體運作。現代快速而多工的工作要求，團體成員的多工作業特徵顯得更為重要。有鑑於此，本研究以此為主題，同時探究多工作業多元性對團體表現與團體成員壓力之影響。而過去團體多元性研究即指出，多元性可能會同時具有正、反面影響，本研究嘗試探討多工作業多元性所形成之優劣，並進一步檢驗團體的時間規劃所可能扮演的跨層次調節角色，以知在甚麼情況下多工作業多元性能具有最大的效益。採用問卷法施測，蒐集了50份有效之團體成套問卷，包含192名全職工作者。結果發現，多工作業多元性有助於團體任務績效之表現，並在額外分析中發現了任務相依性的三階調節效果。在個體層次中，個體與團體之時間特徵差異會直接導致個體壓力與退縮反應，其中在高時間規劃情況下，此差異與個體壓力之關係會削弱。最後依據研究結果進行討論，並說明理論貢獻、實務意涵以及未來研究方向。Temporal individual differences are an under-explored, but research-worthy form of diversity in groups. This study examines how group temporal diversity–variation in members' polychronicity—can be effectively managed to maximize group performance. Besides, how this difference effect individual stress is also examined. Results from 50 work groups reveal that polychronicity diversity had a positive influence on task-oriented group performance. Additional analysis found that task interdependence moderated the interaction effect of temporal planning and polychronicity diversity on task-oriented group performance. In other hand, when individual and work group polychronicity were more incongruent, individual stress and withdrawal behavior increased. And the influence of the incongrunce on individual stress was less positive under conditions of stronger group temporal planning than under weaker group temporal planning. Results can be used to effectively compose groups in organizations and guide future group composition research