The Research on Developing a Flexibility Assessment Model in Supply Chains - using Information and Electronics Industry as an example

企業為有效降低成本、接近顧客市場與提升整體供應鏈效率，紛紛尋找最佳解決方案，專業高效率、有彈性及低成本合作夥伴遍及全球，形成一個複雜全球化的供應鏈網路，導致整體供應鏈的風險大幅提升。當供應鏈危機發生時，有效並快速的回應危機事件漸漸成為企業必須具備的重要能力，企業如何提升供應鏈彈性的能力以應映供應鏈中斷已成為重要的議題。而過去的供應鏈彈性研究上，大部分著重於單一階段進行討論，從整體供應鏈角度的研究仍屬有限，導致無法提供可供決策者參考的供應鏈彈性策略，且供應鏈彈性衡量的研究領域尚處於百家爭鳴的階段，至今相關的研究仍沒有一致的看法。因此，本研究將針對「如何有效評估供應鏈彈性程度」主要問題進行研究。 針對此問題來進行研究，本研究提出一個整體供應鏈彈性評估模式以有效評估供應鏈的彈性程度。首先透過文獻探討確認整理出供應鏈的彈性因子，並以SCOR模式的將彈性因子歸類於各階段內；接著藉由彈性因子的數量範疇、異質性範疇、移轉性與一致性，應用模糊理論篩選出需改善的彈性因子；再使用模糊決策實驗室分析法(Fuzzy Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory；Fuzzy DEMATEL)建構出供應鏈流程中重要的彈性因子間之關連性；由於彈性因子間具有相依關係，本研究並採用分析網路程序法(Analytic Network Process；ANP)計算彈性因子的影響權重。最後結合上述模糊理論、Fuzzy DEMATEL與ANP方法，建立出整體供應鏈彈性評估模式，並就由計算出彈性因子對企業供應鏈的影響，排列出彈性因子的程度大小，讓企業能夠知道彈性因子的優先順序。這將協助企業有效瞭解目前所處供應鏈的彈性程度，並據以研擬相關的因應策略，以增加企業回應不確定性環境的能力。As part of the division of labor and globalization, enterprises, customers and suppliers are located in various countries and regions. Complex, globalized supply chain network have greatly increased total supply chain risks. Therefore, improving the management of flexibility associated with the supply chain has become important to many enterprises. And whole supply chain have include four stage, source, make, deliver and return, but previous supply chain flexibility management research has focused mainly on single-stage flexibility factors and assumed all flexibility factors to be mutually as independent and also not consider the whole supply chain flexibility factors associated characteristics. The lack of consideration for these relationships will lead to incorrect measuring flexibility and applying improper flexibility management strategies to response these risk events. Therefore, this research concentrates on a topic: How to effectively assess flexibility. About the main issue, this research will propose an effectively flexibility assessment model. First, the research will consider whole supply chain flexibility factors from literature and then classify these factors into source stage’s factors, make stage’s factors, deliver stage’s factors and return stage’s factors in accordance with SCOR Model (Supply Chain Operations Reference Model) framework. Second, Fuzzy Theory, Fuzzy Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (Fuzzy DEMATEL) and Analytic Network Process (ANP) will be adopted and integrated to develop a supply chain flexibility assessment model. The results in this research will enable enterprises to determine manner the effects of various flexibility, enabling them to develop strategies to increase their responses capability under uncertain environment