Collecting regional intellectual capital indicators as well as efficiency and competitor analysis: A case study of Yilan county

智慧資本是夠幫助組織創造價值，並促進組織獲取競爭優勢的無形資產，這些資產不會出現在財務報表中，因此市場價值超出帳面價值的部分往往就是所謂的智慧資本；而區域智慧資本則是將探討的範疇從微觀之企業層級，拉高至宏觀之地區或國家層級。近年來隨著政治、經濟與社會文化的轉變，不論學者、企業家或政策制定者，他們認知到區域現象對地方及國家的成長、財富創造等扮演重要的角色，而在眾多促進區域發展的因素中，「智慧資本」成為主要的動力來源之一。雖然近二十多年來，陸續有學者提出對智慧資本的定義、分類與衡量之觀點及架構，然而，多數國內外文獻或研究單位主要探討的是微觀層級的智慧資本。 因此，本研究主要目的是以宜蘭縣為例子，採用資料盤點法，實際盤點國內各縣市三個產業發展─觀光、文創及農業之區域智慧資本量化與質化指標，以及採用資料包絡分析法與陳明哲動態競爭分析，探討各縣市區域智慧資本在個別產業底下的投入產出效率及競爭者辨識，藉此使區域智慧資本之理論能有系統地運用在實際之區域發展上。 研究結果為：第一，盤點後所採用之區域智慧資本指標有系統地被分類並彙總，有助於進行效率及競爭分析；第二，透過資料包絡分析法，得出宜蘭縣三產業的效率值及效率排名，再依據質化指標，給予適當的產業發展建議；第三，藉由陳明哲動態競爭，找出宜蘭縣各產業發展在資源相似性及市場共同性兩構面的競爭縣市，並依據質化指標，給予適當的產業發展建議。Intellectual capital is able to create value for organization(s) and is the intangible assets that promote organization(s) to gaining competitive advantages. These assets will not show on the financial statements; therefore, intellectual capital will a lot of times be the value difference seen between market value and book value. Regional intellectual capital on the other hand, is to raise the research scope from a microscopic enterprise level to a macroscopic regional or country level. In recent years, as changes are seen in politics, economy and society, scholars, entrepreneurs, and policy makers alike all acknowledged how regional phenomenon plays an important role in growth and wealth creation of the local and country. Among the many factors for encouraging regional development, “intellectual capital” has become the main source of motivation. In recent twenty years or so, scholars have come up with perspectives and structures of the meaning, categorizing, and measuring of intellectual capital; however, most domestic and foreign research are about microscopic levels of intellectual capital. This research collects regional intellectual capital indicators of each county/city’s three major industrial development—tourism, cultural and creative, and agriculture. Besides, the research takes Yilan County as an example and uses data developmental analysis (DEA) method and Chen’s competitive dynamics theory to analyze the efficiency and competitiveness. In the end, three conclusions are made: First, the regional intellectual capital indicators are categorized and gathered systematically, which is helpful to make the analysis. Second, the results shown from DEA express the operating efficiency situation of three industries in Yilan County. Third, through Chen’s competitive dynamic analysis, the competitive cities/counties of three industries in Yilan County can be found. And then, according to the results from DEA and Chen’s analysis, suggestions and improvements are put forward based on qualitative data