Pharmacophore structure determination, design, synthesis and antiproliferative activity of alpha-tocopherol and gama-tocotrienol derivatives

Vitamin E je generičko ime koje obuhvata dve klase jedinjenja, tokoferole i tokotrienole, od kojih svaka klasa sadrži 4 izomera (α, β, γ, δ). Analozi vitamina E putem različitih mehanizama mogu ispoljiti snažnu citotoksičnu aktivnost na više tipova tumorskih ćelija, a da pritom ne remete u velikoj meri aktivnost zdravih ćelija. Ovu doktorsku disertaciju čine tri celine čiji će rezultati imati potencijalni značaj za primenu derivata vitamina E u terapiji malignih bolesti. Prva celina obuhvata studije kvantitativnog odnosa strukture i dejstva (Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship, QSAR) derivata vitamina E i određivanje strukture farmakofore. U drugoj celini opisani su: (1) sinteza estara α-tokoferola sa aminokiselinama lizinom, prolinom, glutaminom, asparaginom i estara γ-tokotrienola sa lizinom, prolinom, glutaminom; (2) in vitro ispitivanja biološke aktivnosti sintetisanih estara na MCF-7 i MDA-MB 231 ćelijskim linijama tumora dojke, A549 ćelijskoj liniji tumora pluća i MRC-5 zdravoj ćelijskoj liniji fetalnih fibroblasta pluća; (3) ispitivanje ćelijskih mehanizama antiproliferativne aktivnosti i sinergističkog efekta najaktivnijeg sinetisanog jedinjenja sa doksorubicinom na multirezistentnoj MDA-MB 231 ćelijskoj liniji; (4) studije stabilnosti u humanoj plazmi; (5) pretraživanje ChEMBL baze bioaktivnih molekula primenom metode virtelnog skrininga zasnovanog na strukturi liganda. Treću celinu predstavlja dizajn novih analoga vitamina E sa potencijalno snažnijim antitumorskim dejstvom...Vitamin E is a generic name comprising of two classes of compounds, tocopherols and tocotrienols, each class containing 4 isomers (α, β, γ, δ). Analogs of vitamin E, via different mechanisms, may exhibit strong cytotoxic activity to many types of malignant cells, while not disrupting in a greater extent activity of healthy cells. This doctoral thesis includes three sections whose results will have potential importance for the use of vitamin E derivatives in the treatment of malignant diseases. The first section includes Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) study of vitamin E analogues and pharmacophore structure determination. The second section covers: (1) synthesis of α-tocopherol esters with amino acids lysine, proline, glutamine, asparagine, and γ-tocotrienol esters with lysine, proline, glutamine; (2) in vitro testing of biological activities of the synthesized esters on the MCF-7 and MDA-MB 231 breast cancer cell lines, A549 lung cancer cell line, and the MRC-5 healthy fetal lung fibroblasts cell line; (3) testing of cellular mechanisms which underlie the antiproliferative activity and synergistic effect of the most active compound with doxorubicin on multidrug-resistant MDA-MB 231 cell line; (4) stability study in human plasma; (5) filtering of the ChEMBL database of bioactive molecules using the ligand based virtual screening protocol. The third section represents design of new analogues of vitamin E with enhanced antitumor activity. 2D- and 3D-QSAR studies were conducted on a series of vitamin E analogues with experimentally determined antiproliferative activity on MCF7 cell line, using PLS statistical method..