The Study on Female Journalists’Labor-ship and Labor Turnover: An Example of Chinese Media in Los Angeles

論文摘要 本研究主要以探討在洛杉磯地區的華文媒體中的女性新聞工作者之勞動經驗 與流動因素，以深度的訪談法共訪問美國南加州洛杉磯地區35 位華裔女性新聞工作者，並由女性角度的觀點切入、並結合參與觀察法探討在海外的少數媒體生態中的工作經驗、以及針對走入家庭的女性工作者，嘗試深入瞭解影響她們在面臨工作與家庭的衝突時所作的抉擇及規劃的背後主因。 研究發現，在洛杉磯華文媒體的特殊生態、報導取材、新聞製作及分配， 使女性新聞工作者在新聞產製上佔有優勢。而華裔女性的性別特質，如富有同理心的的刻板印象，使她們在與受訪者建立關係、以及採訪軟性新聞和撰寫上受到重視。在勞動經驗中，許多電視媒體的女性新聞工作者須面臨美感勞動的實踐及適應。 除了語言適應問題和移民身份問題外，許多華裔女性新聞工作者曾遭遇性騷 擾的困境。雖然美國在立法保護及執行上相當徹底，但因國籍背景、文化融入和合法需留權的不同，華裔女性新聞工作者在面對性騷擾問題時，會作出不同的反應及抵抗策略。影響華裔女性新聞工作者流動的因素可分為工作環境、個人因素、及家庭因素。而因美國政策與教育制度對家庭主婦的肯定、職場生態對於婦女再就業給予支持、和家庭結構的不同與經濟因素的考量，使在美的華裔女性新聞工作者，選擇回歸家庭的自主性意願高。Abstract This research primary discusses the working experience and labor turnover of the Chinese female journalists in Los Angeles Chinese news industry. The research utilized semi-structured Interview method to interview thirty-five Chinese female journalists in greater Los Angeles area. Through the female’s point of views, observation of work experience in oversea minority media; we will discuss the influence and reasoning of decision when they encounter conflict from their career and family. The research revealed that female journalist have an advantage over male in the news production industry due to the Los Angeles Chinese media special ecological, reports drawn, news production and distribution. Chinese women gender traits, such as stereotype of sympathy will enable them to establish bonding with the interviewee easier, as well as advantage in soft news interviews and editing. In the labor experience, many women television journalists have to face with "aesthetic labor" practices and adaption. Beside the language barrier and immigrant status, many Chinese female journalists have been suffered sexual harassment. Although United States legislature has a sufficient system for protection and enforcement; however, due to the nationality background, cultural integration and the residence right difference, many Chinese female journalists are not able to fight back when they are suffering from sexual harassment. They have to react with different strategy and approach. Generally speaking, working Environment, personal factors, and family factors are three main categories influencing Chinese female Journalists job turnover. On the other hand, United States political policy and education system supports homemaker reemployment. Depends on the economic considerations and family structures; Chinese female journalists Are willing to leave their jobs and stay at home instead