A Study of Effective Representativeness from Corportist Perspective: Examining the Internal Democratic Governance of Stakeholders Groups

我國全民健康保險政策是屬於社會保險，早期在推行健保時決策模式是傾向國家主義，然而隨著民主化時代的來臨，人民權利意識抬頭，各種利害關係團體相應而生，因此民主治理變成重要的課題。在重要政策參與中各個利害關係人皆希望能夠被納入決策。我國目前健保政策體制內的參與管道最主要為費用協定委員會及監理委員會，主要監督及決定健保預算分配，這兩會在2013年整併為健保會。不論整併前後，委員會基本上是以統合主義的精神運作，邀進行決議，最大的優點在於能夠藉由與多方政策利害關係人的溝通，凝聚社會共識。然而哪些團體能夠代表參與政府制定決策的過程，參與的代表能否充分表達團體的意見？因此代表性正是統合主義中最具爭議的，故如何找出遴選團體的標準是刻不容緩的。 本文嘗試以社會統合主義的觀點，套用在健保會運作上。然而社會統合主義要運作的良好，基本上必須要在水平及垂直方面的機制建構完善，垂直層面必須要各級組織匯集各級團體的意見，並由代表進入水平的平臺進行協商；而在水平溝通平臺上也需要各方代表皆能有平等及有效的決策。本文最主要了解的是垂直面的整合情形，亦即這些被派入健保會的政策利害關係團體代表是否有充分的被賦權，在會中討論的結果能否充分落實，因此要衡量團體內部本身的治理。本文欲透過專家座談建構組織內部運作的指標，建構指標測量健保會內部實際運作情況，對於好的健保會參與組織建構初探性的評估。希望未來能夠作為健保會遴選組織進入委員會的參考依據。National Health Insurance (NHI) policy is a part of social insurance in Taiwan. In the early stages of the program, the pattern of decision-making tended to be based on a Statist model, but as Taiwan democratizes, citizens and various interest groups have become increasingly aware of their rights. Therefore, the democratic governance of National Health Insurance policy has also become an important issue, as stakeholder groups all hope to be included in the NHI’s decision making process. In Taiwan, the two main participation channels within the system are the Medical Expenditure Negotiation Committee and the Supervisory Committee. The main missions of these two committees are to control health care costs and to allocate medical resources. In 2013, these two committees were merged to form a single National Health Insurance Committee. Whichever their merger status is, the committees basically function according to the principles of Corporatism, whereby peak-level organizations are invited to take part of the committee’s decision-making processes. The biggest advantage of the merger is that the committee would be able to achieve social cohe-sion and consensus through its direct communication with various policy stakeholder groups. But the problem with this arrangement is the following: Which groups can participate in the government’s decision-making process? Can the representatives fully express the views of their respective groups inside the committee? Therefore, the question of representation is the most controversial issue in Corporatist theory, and it is imperative to develop the proper criteria by which major interest or corporatist groups are selected. This study attempts to observe the National Health Insurance Committee from the perspective of social corporatism. For social corporatism to function well in society, basically both its horizontal and vertical mechanisms have to work perfectly. Vertically, groups must be able to amass and integrate the views of their sub-organizations at all levels; horizontally, the group’s representatives must all have equal capacity to make effective decisions. This paper will focus on understanding the vertical dimension of social corporatism, which means asking the following questions: Can/do the representatives fully and adequately represent their group? And whether the outcomes discussed at the committee meetings are fully implemented? To answer these questions it is thereby necessary to measure the internal governance of the groups themselves. This paper will examine various internal operating indicators developed through experts’ panel discussions, with the primary objective of determining good committee participation measures. It is hoped that the construction of these internal governance indicators will serve as the criteria by which future corporatist groups or stakeholder organizations are selected into the National Health Insurance Committe