The Research on Applying Risk Management Strategies in Supply Chains

企業為有效提高生產效率、降低成本與找尋最佳解決方案，促成專業高效率、有彈性與低成本合作夥伴遍及全球各地的現象。而當前產業趨勢為專業化分工、企業全球化，此情況也使企業、顧客與供應商等合作夥伴形成關係極為複雜的全球化供應鏈網路，但伴隨而來是發生機率大幅提高之供應鏈風險等相關問題。2011年3月日本發生芮氏規模8.9地震，且併發如海嘯等災害造成日本企業減產停工、並出現供應鏈中斷的情況，使蘋果公司產品i-Devices、波音七八七客機、美國汽車廠商都受其影響。2011年7月泰國發生水災，除造成電腦產業硬碟短缺，亦造成相關電腦資訊產業鉅額損失。近年來關於供應鏈風險管理文獻研究也指出，全球化使供應鏈網路錯綜複雜，使供應鏈網路更容易受政治及經濟變化影響而出現混亂、崩潰，進而產生更大的風險。因此對企業而言供應鏈風險管理議題是非常重要的。有鑑於此，本研究將針對「如何有效減低供應鏈風險發生之衝擊」為主要議題進行研究。 本研究使用陳有慶(2013)相互影響關聯之供應鏈風險因子表，且從文獻蒐集相關風險因子之供應鏈風險管理策略，並運用系統動態模擬方法(System Dynamics; SD)建立以SCOR流程模式為整體框架基礎架構的供應鏈風險管理策略評估模擬模式。藉由此模擬模式可評估測試供應鏈風險管理策略對不同風險因子的影響，驗證各策略降低風險的有效性，並觀察不同策略對各風險因子的控制及降低對供應鏈衝擊的效果，最後針對各風險因子策略彙整並分析出對應之最佳風險管理策略。To reduce cost, increase productivity enterprises, and find the best solution. Enterprises cooperate with professional efficiency, flexible, and low-cost partners all over the world. Industry specialization, corporate globalization is the current trend of the times. The phenomenon also contributed to the enterprise, customers and suppliers, and other partners to form a highly complex relationship between global supply chain networks, it is accompanied by the occurrence of risk related issues. The earthquake happened on Japan in March 2011, it caused related subsequent disaster also caused Japanese companies cut downtime or the disruption of supply chain situation. In recent years, research on risk management of the supply chain literature also prove that the globalization cause the supply chain network complexity, and it have a greater risk happen because of political and economic environment changes. Therefore this research concentrates on a topic: how to effectively mitigate risk impacts in supply chain. About the topic, the System Dynamics (SD) method and the risk factor framework of supply chains by Chen&Lin (2013) will be used to construct a risk management strategy evaluation simulation model to evaluate the performance of risk management strategies. The risk management strategies will be examined by the proposed simulation model, and the proper strategy for each risk factor will be found. The risk assessment and risk management strategy evaluation simulation model proposed in this research could be as useful tools for managers to assess risks and to select proper risk management strategies in supply chains