Phenotypic characterization of oblačinska sour cherry clones

U periodu od 2010. do 2012. godine proučavana je varijabilnost i izvršena identifikacija i karakterizacija 13 klonova Oblačinske višnje na osnovu osobina pojedinih njihovih organa, proizvodno-tehnoloških osobina i osobina polena. Osobine pojedinih organa ispitivanih klonova Oblačinske višnje određene su ocenjivanjem na osnovu deskriptora za višnju i merenjem odgovarajućih parametara. Od hemijskih osobina ploda utvrđivani su: sadržaj rastvorljivih suvih materija, sadržaj ukupnih i invertnih šećera, sadržaj saharoze, sadržaj ukupnih kiselina i sadržaj ukupnih antocijana. Od fenoloških karakteristika proučavane su vreme cvetanja i vreme sazrevanja. Broj zametnutih plodova i broj ubranih plodova utvrđeni su na osnovu rezultata slobodnog oprašivanja. Rodnost proučavanih klonova izražena je preko prinosa po stablu i koeficijenta rodnosti. Otpornost na prouzrokovače bolesti (Wilsonomyces carpophylus, Blumeriella jaapii i Monilinia fructigena) ispitivana je u uslovima prirodne infekcije. Od osobina polena proučavane su morfološke karakteristike polena, skenirajućim elektronskim mikroskopom i klijavost polena, metodom naklijavanja in vitro na hranljivoj podlozi sa saharozom i agar-agarom. Kod kvalitativnih osobina utvrđena je različita zastupljenost klonova po proučavanim kategorijama. Na ekspresiju većine kvantitativnih osobina, veoma značajan ili značajan uticaj ispoljili su proučavani klonovi, a kod određenog broja osobina ispoljen je i veoma značajan ili značajan uticaj godine ispitivanja i interakcije klon × godina. Među proučavanim osobinama najveće učešče genetičke varijabilnosti u ukupnoj fenotipskoj varijabilnosti utvrđeno je za obim debla (82,83%), a najmanje za odnos dužine i širine polena (0,67%). Najmanje učešće godine u ukupnoj varijabilnosti ustanovljeno je za širinu grebena i širinu brazde na egzini polena (0,00%), a najveće za prečnik letorasta (89,98%). Interakcija klon × godina najviše je uticala na ispoljavanje širine grebena na egzini polena (23,29%), a najmanje na ispoljavanje obima i visine debla, dužine lisne drške, prečnika cveta, širine kruničnih listića, dužine peteljke ploda, širine i debljine ploda, mase ploda i koštice, sadržaja rastvorljivih suvih materija, ukupnih i invertnih šećera, prinosa po stablu, dužine polena, dužine i širine kolpe i broja grebena na 100 μm2 površine egzine (0,00%)...In the period from 2010 to 2012, the variability of 13 Oblačinska sour cherry clones was studied and the identification and characterization was provided, based on some traits of their organs, production-technological properties and pollen characteristics. The traits of individual organs of the examined sour cherry clones were determined by evaluating on the basis of descriptors for sour cherry and measuring the appropriate parameters. Also, the chemical fruit properties were determined: soluble solids, total sugars, invert sugars, sucrose, total acids and total anthocyanins. Flowering and ripening time were studied from the phenological characteristics. Initial and final fruit set were determined on the basis of open pollination. Productivity of the studied clones was expressed over the yield per tree and the yield efficiency. Resistance to diseases (Wilsonomyces carpophylus, Blumeriella jaapii and Monilinia fructigena) was studied under the conditions of natural infection. From pollen traits, morphological characteristics of pollen by scanning electron microscope and pollen germination by germination method in vitro on the medium with sucrose and agar-agar were studied. Concerning qualitative characteristics different numbers of clones per studied categories were determined. Regarding majority of quantitative traits, very significant or significant influence investigated clones, and in a certain number of traits, very significant or significant impact of year and the interaction clone × year were manifested. Among the studied traits the highest part of genetic variability in total phenotype variability has been found for trunk circumference (82.83%), and least for the pollen length and width ratio (0.67%). The least influence of a year in total variability was found for ridge width and furrow width of the pollen exine (0.00%), and the largest for diameter of the branches (89.98%). The interaction clone × year the most influenced on the expression of the ridge width of the pollen exine (23.29%), and the least on the expression of trunk circumference, trunk height, leaf petiole length, flower diameter, width of petals, fruit stalk length, fruit width and thickness, fruit and stone weight, soluble solids content, total and invert sugars, yield per tree, pollen length, colpus length and width and the number of ridges on 100 μm2 of the exine area (0.00%)..