Uticaj terapije fiksnim ortodontskim aparatima na paradoncijum i dijagnostički potencijal biohemijskih parametara zapaljenja

In the conducted research, inflammatory conditions of the gingiva and periodontium were followed up in the first six months of the orthodontic therapy, using fixed appliances, based on the determination of the clinical (PI, SBI and CPITN) and biochemical (NO2+NO3, RANKL and TNF-α) parameters in saliva and GCF, and their correlations before, as well as three and six months after the beginning of therapy. The influence of the self- and light-cured bonding materials on the cultures of mouse fibroblasts and macrophages was also determined. The results of our research show that there is a statistically significant increase in the values of all the monitored clinical parameters at months three and six after the beginning of therapy compared to baseline. There was a statistically significant increase in the concentration of NO2+NO3 and RANKL in GCF and in the concentration of NO2+NO3 in saliva at months three and six after the beginning of therapy. Statistically significant, positive, and highly expressed correlations were found between the concentration of NO2+NO3 in GCF and saliva three months after the beginning of therapy. There was a statistically significant decrease in cell viability during the effect of all the examined extract concentrations of self-cured materials. There was a statistically significant decrease in cell viability only upon the influence of 100% extract of the light-cured materials. In the culture of macrophages exposed to the self-cured material suspensions, the signs of apoptosis were visible. The signs of phagocytosis were prevalent in the culture of macrophages exposed to the light-cured material suspensions. Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that in the first six months of the therapy with fixed appliances, deterioration in gingival inflammation was apparent. In addition, the concentrations of RANKL in GCF as well as the concentrations of NO2+NO3 in GCF and saliva can be used in the follow-up of inflammatory conditions of the gingival in orthodontic patients treated with fixed appliances; saliva and GCF can serve as reliable media in the follow-up of gingival inflammation in these patients. We can also conclude that there is a higher cytotoxic effect of the self-cured compared to light-cured materials