The effect of oral administration of Lactobacillus rhamnosus LA68 and Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1 on immunological and metabolic parametres of mice in experimental conditions induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Prema definiciji Svetske Zdravstvene Organizacije, probiotici su živi mikroorganizmi koji kada su konzumirani u adekvatnoj količini imaju povoljne efekte na zdravlje domaćina. Pod pojmom probiotskih bakterija misli se većinom na bakterije mlečne kiseline (BMK) koje obuhvataju uglavnom vrste iz rodova Lactobacillus i Bifidobacterium. Rastući je broj dokaza koji ukazuju da primena BMK može ispoljiti povoljne efekte u tretmanu komponenata metaboličkog sindroma, kao što su gojaznost, dijabetes tip 2, dislipidemije, nealkoholna masna bolest jetre (engl. Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, NAFLD). NAFLD obuhvata čitav spektar oboljenja, počev od hepatične steatoze preko nealkoholnog steatohepatitisa do hepatične fibroze. Predstavlja najčešći uzrok ozbiljnih i hroničnih oboljenja jetre kod odraslih i kod dece u zapadnim zemljama, sa prevalencom od 20-30% u opštoj odrasloj populaciji, pri čemu prevalenca korelira sa povećanom incidencom gojaznosti i metaboličkog sindroma. Nedavno objavljena istraživanja ukazuju na ulogu crevne mikrobiote u razvoju steatoze i progresiji NAFLD-a, a s obzirom da probiotici mogu delovati na više nivoa na patogenezu oboljenja, a uz to su još i bezbedni i pristupačni, nije iznenađujuće što LAB postaju sve privlačniji kao potencijalna dugoročna terapija NAFLDa. Kliničke i eksperimentalne studije sugerišu da se probiotici značajno razlikuju u efektima i mehanizmima dejstva a razlike postoje, ne samo između različitih vrsta, već i između različitih soje iste vrste. Zbog toga je najvažniji cilj ove studije bio da se razvije model NAFLD (stadijum steatoze) ishranom visokog sadržaja masti (VSM), a zatim da se ispita i izvrši poređenje dejstva oralne primene dva različita soja BMK, Lactobacillus rhamnosus LA68 i Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1, na imunološke i metaboličke parametre, na razvoj steatoze, kao i na sastav masnih kiselina organa kod miševa soja C57BL/6 u uslovima VSM ishrane. Nakon 16 nedelja VSM ishrane, u kojoj je 41% energije poticao od masti, kod miševa soja C57BL/6 došlo je do značajnog porasta telesne mase, i razvoja steatoze koju je pratio poremećaj lipidnih parametara i porast nivoa leptina, što odgovara početnoj fazi NAFLD (stadijum steatoze)...According to the World Health Organisation's definition, probiotics are alive microorganisms which, when consumed in adequate quantities, have beneficial effects on host's health. The term probiotics bacteria mostly refers to lactic acid bacteria (LAB) which include species from the genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacteria. The increasing amount of evidence indicates that the usage of LAB can have positive effects on the treatment of metabolic syndrome components, such as: obesity, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). NAFLD includes a whole spectar of diseases, starting from hepatic steatosis through nonalcoholic steatohepatitis to hepatic fibrosis which may further progress into ireversibile cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. NAFLD represents the most common cause of severe and chronic liver diseases in adults and children in Western countres, with the prevelance correlating with increased incidence of obesity and metabolic syndrome. Recently published research points to the role of intestinal microbiota in the development of steatosis and progression of NAFLD. Probiotics, especially LAB, can have an influence on disease pathogenesis at multiple levels and besides that they are safe and affordable. Taking into account all abovementioned reasons, it is not surprising that LAB are becoming more and more attractive as potential long-term NAFLD therapy. Clinical and experimental studies suggest that LAB differ significantly in the effects and mechanisms of action. Those differences are not only among different species but also among different strains within the same species. Because of that, the most important goal of this study was to develop a model of NAFLD (steatosis stadium) with use of high fat diet (HFD) and then to examine and to compare the effects of oral administration of two different LAB species/strains, Lactobacillus rhamnosus LA68 and Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1, on immunological and metabolic parameters, on steatosis development status, as well as on fatty acid composition of liver and brain in C57BL/6 mice under high fat diet regime..