Entrepreneurial Orientation, Strategic Flexibility, and Dynamic Capability

動態能力指企業整合、建構、重新配置內外部能耐，以因應快速變遷環境的能力，本研究整理前人論述，將動態能力進一步分為產品、市場、流程等三個面向，並綜合過去文獻將前因分為實體或虛擬資產、機制或過程、行為意圖等三類，然而目前學者驗證的前因有限，尚有許多著墨空間，故在此提出屬於行為意圖類的創業導向，以及屬於機制或過程類的策略彈性，也是動態能力前因之假設，而由於兩者定義上一內一外的互補性，使本研究同時假定創業導向與策略彈性的交互作用亦為動態能力之前因。 本研究使用政治大學國貿所之「台灣電子業公司資料庫」，共採用204家國內電子公司樣本2009年之資料，以迴歸模型進行分析，模型中以創業導向、策略彈性、以及兩者之交互作用項為自變數，以產品、市場、流程動態能力三者為依變數。實證結果指出，創業導向與策略彈性對三種動態能力的影響皆達顯著水準；然而，創業導向與策略彈性之交互作對產品、市場、流程動態能力有顯著影響的假設並不成立，一來是因為兩變數的內涵差異所致，二來則導因於樣本分布的廣泛性。 本研究後續針對廠商差異性，將樣本分為許多不同的類別進行分析，發現當分別以OEM、ODM、OBM篩選樣本來執行迴歸模型，其中的創業導向與策略彈性交互作用項將會接近或滿足顯著的標準。在OEM和ODM兩類廠商樣本的迴歸檢測中，以流程動態能力為依變數的模型之交互作用顯著水準最高，而當採用OBM廠商為樣本時，以市場動態能力為依變數的效果最明顯，證明交互作用項的影響在特定類別中是可能達到顯著水準的。Dynamic capability is the capability that enterprises integrate, construct, and reconfigure their internal and external competences to respond to the rapidly changing environment. This thesis reviews past researches on dynamic capability, categorizing its underlying concepts into three dimensions, which are product, market, and process respectively, and combining different scholars’ point of views to classify the antecedents of dynamic capability into three types, tangible or intangible assets, mechanism or procedure, as well as behavioral intention. Due to the limited academic output on the dynamic capability antecedents, there’s much to be explored. Two new antecedents are proposed in this research; one is entrepreneurial orientation which belongs to the aforementioned behavioral intention type, and the other is strategic flexibility that is a part of the mechanism or procedure type. Moreover, because of the partly complementary connotations of entrepreneurial orientation and strategic flexibility, it’s further proposed that the interaction effect of the two variables can also serve as one dynamic capability antecedent. The “Taiwanese Electronic Company Database” of the Department of International Business, National Chengchi University, which contains the year 2009 data of 204 electronic firms based in Taiwan, is adopted to conduct an experimental research of regression analysis. Entrepreneurial orientation, strategic flexibility, and their interaction term are the three independent variables, while product, market, and process dynamic capabilities are the three dependent variables. The result points out that the impact of both entrepreneurial orientation and strategic flexibility on the three types of dynamic capabilities all reach the significant level. However, the interaction term does not generate significant influence on each of the three dynamic capabilities. The situation may on the one hand arise from the partial discrepancy of definition of the two main independent variables, and on the other hand stem from the variety of the sample. In order to generate a more satisfactory result, more regression analyses are conducted with the entire sample trimmed according to different criteria. Three regression models show positive results, that is when the sample only contains OEM, ODM, or OBM firms respectively, the interaction effect can be close or above the significant level. In the two models conducted with the OEM and ODM samples, the interaction effect is most evident on the process dynamic capability dependent variable, whereas the interaction effect of the OBM model is most significant on the market dynamic capability dependent variable. It shows that the interaction effect is able to reach the level of significance within certain sample groupings