Integrated function of the newspaper and the process of social

本論文旨在探討民初十年危機時期中，報紙（傳播媒介）如何透過讀者的詮釋架構在社會化過程中建構個體同一性與社會同一性，以產生社會整合功能。我們分別以五項核心問題分析前述論旨：第一，媒介的社會地位對媒介整合功能的影響；第二，媒介身為社會眾多整合管道之一而與其他整合工具共同發揮整合功能；第三，關於客觀現實、符號現實、主觀現實之間的穩定關係影響媒介的整合功能；第四，社會與媒介之間存在著創生──功能關係，第五，過度惡化的社會危機嚴重破壞媒介的整合功能。在釐清這些問題之際，特別以個體同一性與社會同一性之構成來觀照社會整合功能，並強調行動者的詮釋架構在其中扮演重要角色，且媒介預設之詮釋社群是為社會整合的根本基礎。 本研究主要針對1912-1921 年 的《申報》與《大公報》提出上述說明與解釋，並採用詮釋研究與現象社會學的方法學取徑，論證媒介現實與歷史現實，以及媒介現實與主觀現實之間的關係，指出所謂現實建構係詮釋社群之詮釋類型與詮釋架構的產物，並說明透過掌握歷史脈絡對了解媒介整合功能的重要性。從觀察民初十年的歷史情境，我們發現由於社會全面危機而扼抑了報紙的整合角色，其中主要因為詮釋架構失效導致現實轉型失敗，並引發一系列的危機循環。 在這個過程中具有關鍵作用的個體同一性與社會同一性皆因詮釋危機而一再遭受威脅與破壞，使得主觀現實與客觀現實間無法建立對應和諧的關係，且原可經由媒介之符號秩序而傳遞重要他人以供行動者重建現實之參考的報紙也因社會危機瓦解媒介與其他整合管道協同運作的效果，進而失去可能具有的整合功能。This dissertation examines the dialectics between social change and news media. Five issues central to the reality cons-truction of media have been selected for this study:1)the social position of media determines it''s integrated function, 2)mass media is one of various integrated means in society, 3)the relations between objective reality, symbolic reality, and subjective reality as elements of social integration, 4)the genetic-functional relation between society and mass media, 5)social crises diminish the integrated function of media. It is argued that social integration consists in personal identity and social identity. Special emphasis is placed on the inter-dependence of identity process and reality construction which was based on interpretive schemes. An argument is made that mass media presuppose interpretive communities which underlie social intergration. This study is based on data from Shun Pao and L''Impartial in 1912-1921. Using interpretive approach and phenomenological sociology, we have documented the relationship between media reality (symbolic reality) and historical reality. Moreover, we have established that this relationship in an artifact of interpretive schemes or of interpretive types. Finally, we have also presented evidence as to the import of media''s inte- grated role, suggesting the utility of historical context approach. According to the analysis of historical condition in modern China, we conclude that the wholesale crises impinged upon the construction of personal and social identities, disorganized interpretive schemes of social actors, and formed ineffica- cious significant others and symbolic order constituted by media reality