Servitization of manufacturing firms: the perspective of core competence

在全球邁入服務經濟時代的發展趨勢下，服務創新成為產業新興的熱門課題。過去以製造業為主體的台灣企業，也意識到產值和毛利不斷被壓縮，以及製造業和服務業的界線日趨模糊的現象。為了獲取長久的競爭優勢，不少製造業者已體認到，過去在成本、技術與品質上的領先已無法提高產業附加價值，因此必須向價值鏈兩端延伸，利用創新服務來為產品增加附加價值，而這也成為現今製造業的致勝關鍵。 過去文獻對於服務創新的議題已有不少研究，主要是在探討企業發展創新服務的過程與策略考量，或是研究服務創新的發展模式，抑或是服務創新專案。此外， 關於製造業推動服務化方面，只有少數在探討產業轉型及經營策略與模式，但更少有探討製造業服務化發展內涵之個案研究。因此本研究利用深入訪談的個案研究法，針對推動服務化發展的製造業廠商，探討其服務創新概念如何產生與服務創新的內涵，並輔以核心能耐的觀點，來探討製造業服務化專案的推動與組織核心能耐建構之關係，以提供未來有意推動服務化發展的台灣製造業廠商作為參考。 本研究的結論如下： 1.製造業廠商在和客戶接觸的過程中，會根據本身對內外部環境背景知識的了解，「主動」創造客戶的需求，提供差異化的加值服務，並建立與客戶間的夥伴關係。 2.製造業廠商推動服務化時，在服務範疇上會考慮往供應鏈上下游延伸，以及發揮本身的優勢功能；在作法上則會以提供客戶「一次購足」與「完整解決方案」的服務為主。 3.製造業廠商在推動服務化的發展方案時，會進行跨部門的組織運作，並且透過教育訓練和跨域合作的方式，培養員工新的專業知識與技能。 4.製造業廠商推動服務化時，若本身的事業知識越豐富，則越能洞悉產業的發展趨勢，此外，若是其擁有更完整的市場知識，則有助於提出創新的服務概念。 5.製造業廠商推動服務化時，不管是創造新的實體系統，或就原有的實體系統進行整合與建構，都會強調資通訊科技的輔助效果。而企業對於技術知識的掌握度越高，則越有助於服務創新的發展。 6.製造業廠商推動服務化時，會以「創新」作為組織新的價值觀與企業文化。 關鍵字：製造業服務化、服務創新、核心能耐In the trend of global development of service economy, service innovation has become an emerging hot topic of industries. Taiwanese companies, the main part of which are manufacturing industries in the past, also realize the phenomenon that the income and gross margin are deceasing, and the difference between manufacturing and service industries has become blurred. In order to gain long-term competitive advantages, some manufacturing firms has noticed that being in the lead of cost, skill and quality during the past is unable to enhance the value-added of industries. Therefore, they think it is a must to extend their activities to both ends of the value chain, and then to gain value-added on products by using service. However, this has become the key to success for present-day manufacturing industry. In the past, most researches related to service innovation mainly focus on the process and strategic level of innovative service development, the developing model of service innovation, or projects on service innovation. Besides, regarding the servitization of manufacturing firms, only a small number of studies focus on investigating the transformation of industry and operational strategy and models, but there are fewer case studies on servicizing development of manufacturing industry. Therefore, this study focuses on the intension of service innovation of servicizing manufacturing firms by means of thorough interview and case study. Besides, this study is auxiliary by the perspective of core competence to explore the relationship between servitization of manufacturing firms and the construction of organizational core competence, and aims to provide a reference for Taiwanese manufacturing firms which purpose to develop servitization in the future. The preliminary research findings include: 1.Manufacturing firms will “positively” create customers’ need during contact with customers in terms of their background knowledge of internal and external environments, provide differential value-added service, and develop partnership with customers. 2.Manufacturing firms will consider extending their service to the up- and down-stream of supply chain, or bring their superior function into service development when driving the development of servitization. And the way they do is to provide their customers with service of “One-stop Shopping” and “Total Solution” via front- and back-end systems and service providers. 3.Manufacturing firms will proceed on trans-departmental organizational operation when driving the development of servitization. And they train their employees to have professional knowledge and skills through educational training and interdisciplinary collaboration to drive the service innovation. 4.The more industrial knowledge the manufacturing firms have, the more insights into the industrial trend they have. Besides, it will be help to bring up ideas about innovative service if companies know well about their markets. 5.When manufacturing firms drive the servitization, no matter what to create a new physical system or integrate the original physical systems to a new one, the auxiliary effect of ICT is emphasized. And the more technical knowledge they have, the more chances of innovative service development they will find. 6.“Innovation” is regarded as a new value and enterprise culture when manufacturing firms drive the development of servitization. Keywords: Servitization of Manufacturing, Service Innovation, Core Competenc