Developing an augmented reality system based on rfid positioning

擴增實境的目的在於對真實環境做資訊的進一步擴充，發展技術中，主要面臨的挑戰為顯示方式、追蹤定位等，許多的技術限制使得發展逾三十年之擴增實境仍難以落實於日常生活中。近年來隨著智慧型手機的普及和軟硬體技術的發展，以擴增實境系統需要的顯示、通訊介面而言，智慧型手機具備發展行動式擴增實境的特點，致使許多擴增實境服務孕育而生，成為智慧型手機中重要的應用。然而目前應用於行動裝置的追蹤方式中，適用於戶外定位的全球衛星定位無法在室內精準定位，影像辨識的追蹤方式需倚賴實體辨識標籤的配置，使得少有在室內環境使用，及具完善行動性的擴增實境系統。本研究將針對擴增實境中追蹤定位方式加以擴充，增加擴增實境系統之適用範圍。 本研究運用RFID適用於室內環境定位之特點，使用LANDMARC方式進行定位計算，並實作定位環境的佈置，將RFID標籤作為環境中之定位點，計算出標的物以及使用者在環境中的位置，作為擴增實境的追蹤方式及顯示依據。系統平台以開放式平台Android進行開發，利用手機硬體中攝影鏡頭、三軸重力感測儀、通訊介面等支援，呈現擴增實境的畫面，其中將以虛擬物件標示出該標的物的實際位置，且可隨使用者及標的物間相對距離及角度進行調整，當使用者在環境中移動時，可即時的定位出所在位置，改變虛擬物件的標示。 本研究開發之系統目的在對真實環境中的實際位置或物件做資訊的擴充及指引，並提供即時性的互動，實驗結果中，此定位方式可達成較全球衛星定位(GPS)、無線網路定位(802.11)等更準確的定位結果，滿足在室內環境使用的行動型擴增實境系統追蹤定位之需求，未來可利用此顯示及追蹤方式，發展擴增實境更廣泛的應用。The purpose of Augmented Reality(AR) is to make further information adding to the real world. In its development, the main challenges are display, and tracking etc. Over three-decade developed, due to many technical constraints, AR still limited to apply widely in daily life. In recent years, as a result of the popularity of smart phones and its advancements of software and hardware, many AR services became important applications of smart phones. But in tracking techniques of mobile AR system, GPS cannot provide accurate positioning in indoor environment, image recognized method cannot provide mobile use. Therefore there are so few AR systems used in the indoor environment and possessed mobility. This study will be aimed at tracking methods of augmented reality and increasing the scope of AR application. This study use the feature of RFID positioning in indoor environment, and use LANDMARC method in position calculated. Make RFID tags as fiducial points in positioning environment, and calculate the object's as well as user's positions as the basis of display of AR system. In operating systems of smart phones, we use Android as our developing platform. By its supports of cameras, three-axis gravity sensor device, communication interfaces and others in mobile phone hardware, the system can show the overlayed virtual images of augmented reality. The actual location of the real object will be marked as a virtual object, which can be adjusted according to the distance and the angle between user and the position of real object. Also user will be located in real-time and the position of the virtual object will be adjusted when moves in the environment. The system can make further information augmented and interact instantly with locations or items in real environment. Experiment results verified that this tracking method can provide more accurate results compared to the global satellite positioning (GPS), wireless network locating (802.11) and other wireless uses. It can fulfill the demand of tracking in augmented reality system in indoor using. By the display and the tracking method, augmented reality applications can be more widely used in the future