Mentoring functions and protégé career outcomes: A meta-analysis of mentoring studies in Taiwan

近年來國內對於師徒制度成效日益重視，有關師徒制度研究已累積相當程度的實證資料。為瞭解師徒制度對徒弟職涯成效之影響，本研究以整合分析探討師徒制度為徒弟所提供兩大功能(職涯相關功能與社會心理功能)與徒弟職涯成效（薪資、升遷、工作滿意度與職涯承諾）之關係。研究者利用電腦資料關鍵字庫檢索、回溯法以及人工回顧法等方式，共蒐集到25篇合乎分析條件的實徵研究。並依照Rosenthal(1984)整合分析技術計算效果量r值。整合分析結果顯示：(1)徒弟所接受到的整體師徒功能與其職涯成效有正相關；(2)徒弟所接受到的職涯相關功能與其職涯成效有正相關；(3) 徒弟所接受到的之社會心理功能與其職涯成效有正相關。(4)社會心理功能與徒弟主觀職涯成效(工作滿意度、組織承諾、工作認同、職涯承諾與對師父滿意度)的正相關高於該功能與客觀職涯成效（工作表現、薪資、工作熟練度與晉升狀況）的相關；最後根據研究結果加以討論，提出師徒制度及整合分析研究的建議與未來方向。 關鍵詞：師徒功能、職涯成效、整合分析The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between mentoring functions and protégé career outcomes based on studies conducted in Taiwan using a meta-analysis technique. Specifically, I examined whether overall mentoring functions, career-related mentoring, and psychosocial mentoring positively relate to protégés’ objective and subjective career outcomes (salary, promotion, and job satisfaction). Using keywords search and the retroactive method, I identified 25 studies that can be used for meta-analysis. The effect size r was calculated by the method of Rosenthal (1984). The results of meta-analysis indicate that the overall mentoring function, career-related mentoring functions, and psychosocial mentoring functions are all positively relate to protégés’ objective and subjective career outcomes. Furthermore, psychosocial functions have a stronger positive relationship with subjective career outcome (job satisfaction, organization commitment, job involvement, and mentor satisfaction) than with objective career outcome (job performance, salary, job proficiency, and promotion). Based on the results of the study, suggestions for future research and practical implications are discussed. Keywords：Mentoring functions, protégé career outcome, meta-analysi