A study on the relationship between the ransformational leadership and the psychological contract of teaching staff in junior high schools of Taipei city

本研究旨在探討國民中學校長轉型領導行為對於教職人員之心理契約實踐之關係。研究目的有： 一、瞭解遴選制度實施後，國民中學校長轉型領導之現況。 二、探討學校不同的個人背景變項教職人員及學校背景變項對校長領導行為覺知的差異情形。 三、探討學校教職人員之心理契約實踐現況。 四、探究教職人員背景對心理契約實踐覺知的差異。 五、探討校長轉型領導行為對於學校教職人員心理契約實踐之關係。 研究採用問卷調查法為主，以臺北市59所公立國民中學的教職人員為對象，共抽取26所學校，512教職人員為受試者進行調查，並以改編之「國民中學教職人員之心理契約量表」與「國民中學校長轉型領導量表」進行施測，共回收448份，有效問卷為386份，問卷回收率為87.5％，可用率為86.2％。資料以SPSS/PC12.0統計套裝軟體進行描述性統計、t考驗、單因子變異數（ANOVA）、Pearson，s積差相關、多元逐步迴歸分析與討論，所得主要結論如下： 一、臺北市國民中學校長轉型領導行為屬於「高」強度，在國民中學校長轉型領導行為「建立願景」、「個人魅力」、「鼓舞激勵」、「激發潛能」、「個別關懷」各個層面都屬高強度的情形。 二、就兼任職務而言，兼任行政職務的教師比沒有兼任行政職務的教師所知覺到校長表現較多的轉型領導；擔任主任職務的教師比擔任導師及專任教師，認為校長轉型領導實踐程度較高。 三、服務年資深者對於「鼓舞激勵」、「激發潛能」、「個別關懷」等層面高於服務年資較淺的教職人員，且在整體知覺校長轉型領導之實踐，亦顯現相同情形。 四、不同職務的教職人員在知覺整體心理契約實踐之差異情形，達顯著水準；擔任主任職務的教師比擔任導師及專任教師，認為學校在整體心理契約實踐程度較高。 五、服務於不同學校規模的教職人員，在整體知覺心理契約實踐之差異達顯著水準，服務於規模小的學校教職人員，在知覺心理契約實踐程度方面，高於服務於規模較大的學校教職人員。 六、校長轉型領導各層面「建立願景」、「個人魅力」、「鼓舞激勵」、「激發潛能」、「個別關懷」皆與學校教職人員的心理契約，有顯著的相關。 七、整體校長轉型領導行為與心理契約各構面相關係數最高者為「體恤教職部屬」，而相關程度最低者為「建立人情關懷」。 八、校長轉型領導各層面「建立願景」、「個人魅力」、「鼓舞激勵」、「激發潛能」、「個別關懷」具有預測教職人員知覺心理契約實踐之功能。The purpose of this study is to make a thorough inquiry into the relationship between the transformational leadership and the psychological contract of teaching staff in junior high schools. The purposes of the study are as follows: 1. To understand the current situation of the transformational leadership in junior high schools after the selecting system has been implemented. 2. To explore the effect of the various personal background variable and the teaching staff’s school background variable on principal’s leading behavioral differences. 3. To research into the current situation of the psychological contract of teaching staff in junior high schools. 4. To study the influence that the teaching staff’s background has on the perceptive difference of the psychological contract. 5. To make a thorough inquiry into the relationship between the transformational leadership and the psychological contract of teaching staff in junior high schools. This study uses survey method. The survey instrument is revised from 「The psychological contract of teaching staff in junior high schools scales」and 「The transformational leadership in junior high schools scales」. The survey samples are 512 teaching staffs from 26 junior high schools in Taipei city. There are 448 returns, and there are 386 valid responses which are analyzed by statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson r, and multiple regression using SPSS/PC12.0 program. The conclusions obtained from this study are summarized as follows: 1. The principals’ behavior in junior high schools of Taipei city belongs to high intensity. This situation displays in the perspectives of 「prospect formation」,「idealized influence」,「inspirational motivation」,「intellectual stimulation」, and 「individualized consideration」. 2. The administrators can perceive much transformational leadership than the teachers. And the directors consider that the principal has higher extent of the transformational leadership than the teachers. 3. The seniority staffs sense higher extent in the aspect of 「inspirational motivation」, 「intellectual stimulation」, and 「individualized consideration」 than the junior staffs, which also happens in the aspect of perception of transformational leadership. 4. There are obviously differences between the administrators and teachers in perception the implement of psychological contract. The directors consider higher implement of psychological contract than the teachers. 5. There are obviously differences between the staffs in different school scale. The staffs in the small school consider higher implement of psychological contract than the staffs in the big school. 6. There is obviously correlation between transformational leadership and psychological contract of teaching staffs. 7. The highest correlation coefficient between transformational leadership and psychological contract of teaching staffs is 「showing consideration for staffs」. The lowest correlation coefficient is 「building up consideration」 8. The various perspectives of the transformational leadership have the function of predicting the psychological contract of teaching staffs. ( Keywords: transformational leadership, psychological contract .