A Study on Inside Supervision System of the Company

公司內部監控機制是影響公司營運成果的重要因素，我國公司內部監控設計包括股東會、監察人、董事會及經理階層等權責運作機制，其中，內部監控以往主要的模式係採監察人制度為主。監察人主要功能在於監督董事會等經營階層，並降低經營階層之代理成本問題。監察人應監督公司業務之執行，並得隨時調查公司業務及財務狀況，查核簿冊文件，並得請求董事會或經理人提出報告。因此，監察人功能發揮之良窳，往往對公司健全運作有深遠影響。 近年來，一些上市公司經營者的利益輸送、背信案件層出不窮，董事會濫權，監察功能不彰厥為主要原因。這些內部監控問題的產生，促使學界及實務界亟思提出改善之道，針對內部監控效能不彰，究其主要原因在於，監督者缺乏獨立性，監督者專業能力不足，大股東操弄董事會等問題無法有效解決。獨立董事制度，主要針對這些問題提出解決，在獨立董事制度引進且法制化之後，我國並未完全捨棄監察人制度，監察人制度及獨立董事，在公司法制上同時並存。獨立董事制度設置目的，在於制衡董事會中，代表控制股東利益之內部董事，發揮應有的監督功能，但是獨立董事及相關配套措施，在理論及實務上仍有許多問題存在，及不易克服之盲點。本文亦針對美、日、德等不同國家之公司內部監控模式提出比較研究，同時，對我國內部監控制度之改造，提出看法及建議。Internal corporate governance is an important factor affecting a company’s performance. The internal administrative structure in a company should be a system including the right restraint and the setting up of obligation among Shareholders' Meeting, Supervisors, Board of Directors and managers in Taiwan. The system of Supervisors is an important part of the corporation’s administrative structure, as well as a choice for corporation’s functional department to restrain the Board of Directors and to cut down the cost of agency. Supervisors shall supervise the execution of business operations of the company, and may at any time or from time to time investigate the business and financial conditions of the company, examine the accounting books and documents, and request the Board of Directors or managerial personnel to make reports thereon. The supervisory function will strongly affect the healthy development of the company. In recent years, several major problems have come into being in some of the public listed company, such as a director or managerial officer acting contrary to his duties or misappropriating company assets. These problems may result from abusing the power by Board of Directors or the director, and functionless Supervisors. A series of problems in corporation supervision urge us to try our best to resolve them, such as the lack of independent of Supervisors, lacking of supervisory ability, the main Shareholder’s controlling of Board of Directors etc. There are two Supervision system, the one-tire system and the two-tire system, in western stock company. After the Independent Director’s system has been introduced and legislated, the situation that two kind of supervision coexist has appeared in the structure of the company in Taiwan. It aims at using the independent status of the Independent Director to restrict inner directors who are for the holding shareholder’s benefits in Board of Directors. But the system of Independent Director still has many problems both in the theory and practice. This study also has comparative research on the corporation’s administrative structure in America, Japan and Germany. Meanwhile suggestions of how to improve the system of internal corporate governance are offered