「在地老化」老人服務模式發展元素初探--以財團法人華山社會福利慈善事業基金會服務經驗為例

由於臺灣高齡化社會的人口結構現況、失能老人照顧需求倍數成長、再者社會型態變遷家庭照顧功能減弱、加上正式照顧體系尚未完整且社區網絡連結不強，並且「在地老化」的世界政策潮流值得政府及民間重視等社會背景下，本研究以瞭解華山基金會在地老化服務模式歷程及現況、分析該模式特色及在地老化發展元素並對未來繼續推動在地老化服務提供建議等為研究目的，試圖歸納及分析在地老化服務經驗，提供台灣未來推動在地老化服務參考。 「在地老化」概念與理論在台灣都尚未發展成熟，故本研究選擇質性「個案研究」，立意抽樣「深度訪談」推動者探索其經驗及發展元素。選擇華山基金會為個案的理由 ，仍該會成立至今八年，一直積極從事「在地老化」之老人社區照顧服務，在台灣堪稱極具創新性及代表性。並輔以「焦點團體訪談」，邀請對本研究主題有深入瞭解之老人實務專家參與，擴充觀察以得充分資訊及確保有效性。 本研究結果分為六個部份，分別為個案現況及歷程的分析、推動在地老化面臨的情境、那些人格特質能力有助在地老化推動、社區網絡經營歷程及成功或失敗經驗、如何運用社區資源滿足老人需求、推動在地老化期待增加的助力阻力及瓶頸。在結論中分析華山模式特色及「在地老化」、「社區網絡」、「社區領袖」三者關係，瞭解「在地老化」需求造就社區領袖之形成，社區領袖繼續貢獻老人服務，讓在地老化推動更順利，社區領袖強化社區網絡，社區網絡的建全有助於老人順利在地老化，在地老化的需要促使社區網絡的建立等相關性。並對華山基金會提出人才遴選及培訓、組織管理制度及建站策略等三方面建議；對政策提出規劃多元社區服務方案滿足老人在地老化需求、社區領袖人才的培育、社區網絡資源整合及連結的建構等三項建議。As the aged population in Taiwan, the need to care for the disabled aging persons is increasing fast. Nowadays, with the decrease of the family care functions and the fragmented formal caring systems, “aging in place” is a word trend worth to be referred to our government and society. The study tried to analyze and induce the service experiences of “aging in place”. The purpose of this study was to analyze the service model, historic track, service characteristics, development factors and the present situation of Huashan Social Welfare Foundation and to propose some suggestions for improving “aging-in-place” service in the future. The results of this study include six points, which are the case situation and historical analysis, the status for driving “aging-in-place” service, and which personal traits that may assist “aging-in-place” service, the success or failure experiences in managing the community nets, how to satisfy the old people by using community resources, and the assisted powers, obstructed factors in improving “aging-in-place” service. In conclusion, this study analyzed the Huashan’s model, characters, and the relationship between “aging-in-place”, social network, and community leaders, and list three suggestions to be a reference for both Huashan and policy making in the future. Key Word Aging in place; Social network;Community leade