A Study of Green Consumption Policies of Taiwan and China

環境是人類寶貴之資源，其品質良窳攸關人類生計發展，隨著國際綠色消費運動之潮流，政府藉由龐大的採購力量實施「環保標章」制度，強調以消費「低污染、可回收、省資源」的商品並逐步推展至全國各機關。現正加強環保產品的宣導與通路開發，形成「全民綠色消費」的環保風潮。 本研究旨在瞭解兩岸政府與民間在推動綠色消費政策的現狀及其問題所在，據以研擬出未來綠色採購努力的方向。採質化研究共分六章係透過文獻回顧、專家訪談方式進行，首先以綠色消費相關理論、環境與人之關係及綠色商品的特性作基礎，繼而探討兩岸因經濟發展使得生產與消費市場擴大的結果，導致所處的環境負荷自然增加。兩岸政府為因應國際環保潮流相繼推動「環保標章」、「環境標誌」政策，由政府開啟示範作用，一方面輔導業者生產環保產品，另一方面經由政府採購法令、共同供應契約方式以量制價打開消費市場。最後是探討最重要的民間推動綠色消費的團體、企業界推動綠色採購成功的案例與現狀檢討。 根據前述研究結果發現目前環保產品仍有四項缺失值得改進： 1. 民眾對於環保標章產品，有消費意識，尚無消費行動。 2. 業者所生產的環保標章產品種類、性能、式樣尚未吸引民眾購買。 3. 政府每年編列環保標章經費有限，宣導不足，致未能引起民眾普遍的共鳴。 4. 環保標章產品未獲得租稅優惠，商品售價仍居高不下。 本文建議政府訂定法規從生產源頭開始即符合綠色商品規範，寬編推動綠色消費政策的經費，使業者以生產綠色商品為榮，惟有不斷宣導及獎勵措施才能結合生產者與消費者逐步消除「綠色缺口」，來改善國民生活品質，降低環境負荷。 關鍵字：綠色消費、環保標章、兩岸The objective of this study is to understand current situation of promoting green consumption policy in Taiwan and China and its problems, and then according to grind, draw up the directions of green purchasing efforts in the future. This study is divided into six chapters with the methodology of literature review and expert interview. This paper finds relevant theories of green consumption, relations between environments and people, and characteristic of the green goods at first. Then we probe into two-sides expanding the markets of production and consumption because of economic development, and increasing naturally environmental load. In order to promote green mark and eco label policy, two-side government shows a demonstrated role. On one hand, the government coaches industry to produce environmental safe products, via the government procurement decree; on the other hand, through supply agreement and controlling prices by quantity, the government tries to open consumer market. Finally the paper will discuss the private groups that promote green consumptions and green purchases. Some successful cases will be introduced. This article suggests that the government should stipulate the regulations, begin to accord with the green products from the production source promptly, and increase the government budgets which promote green consumption policy; while the industries should regard producing green products as an honour. Only by declaring the policies and providing preference measures to combine producers and consumers does “the green breach” dispel regressively. Therefore, the targets to improve the national quality of life and to reduce environmental load can be reached