RFID在供應鏈物流管理上的創新運用與其發展趨勢–以Wal-Mart為例

知識經濟時代的來臨，科技與速度是成功的關鍵，營運效率成為優勝劣敗的決定因素。企業要經得起全球化的挑戰，必須以各類取得的資訊做客觀的分析、策略性的思考，來規劃及發展出具前瞻性、適切性的企業經營新模式，而其重點即為將企業內、外部資源作有效的整合，在技術、產品與策略上推陳出新，因時因地的調整經營策略，進而轉型、再造、創新，以提升企業之競爭力及傲人的營運績效，以促成傲人的資訊流、物流、金流與商流的整合。 資訊流應達到電腦化、金流應達到即時流通順暢化、商流結構亦應達到完整性大目標外，最其要者即屬物流應達成即時管理。而其顯著的特點是走向系統化及即時化、電腦化的資訊管理使供應鏈物流活動之間的生產資訊控制，訂貨、儲存、搬運、進出庫、發貨、運輸、結算等物流環節之間的自動化資訊控制更為合理及流暢。 因其中物流成本占全部營銷成本的比例極高，因此個人以為降低物流成本應可成為企業第三獲利來源。 數位經濟的時代，在網際網路與資訊科技一日千里進步中，物流資訊化、網路化、全球化、虛擬化、整合化的方向，努力建構具核心競爭力的資訊整合實為當務之急的核心，如何改變手工資料登錄，使輸入的品質和速度提高，條碼就在這樣的環境下應運而生，其中RFID(Radio Frequency Identification)射頻技術的條碼自動識別技術以電腦、光電技術和通訊為發展基礎的綜合性技術最具競爭優勢及潛力。 本研究希望能從企業導入 RFID 現況與發展趨勢、應用於供應鏈所展現之核心競爭力及Wal-Mart 個案來分析，並從以下三重點來探討： 1. 企業導入RFID 對核心競爭力的影響。 2. 供應鏈物流系統如何運用RFID化以提升競爭力。 3. 政府推動RFID計畫以加速臺灣運籌中心之附加價值的建議。The era of knowledge economy has emerged. The key success factors are new technology and speed, and the main decision element is operation excellence. The enterprise has to be continually challenged by globalization through integrated information, strategic thinking, future planning, and new business plans, to integrate all the above resources internally and externally. In addition, the enterprise needs to refresh workable resources, technology, product and strategy and continually make changes with re-modeling, re-engineering, and creativity to promote the competitive strength and operation excellence so as to synergize information flow, material flow, cash flow and business process flow. Information flow should be computerized, cash flow should be smooth, and business process flow should be to meet the most integrated goal: ON-LINE Management. It is important that these processes are systematically linked with on-line computerized information within the supply chain management model. For instance: ordering, stocking, transportation, warehousing, tracking and cashier etc. Nevertheless, logistics cost constitutes a high percentage of operation cost. As such, I view that logistics cost should be brought down so as to reap enormous benefits from a third resource. With the advent of the digital economy and the development of web-base technology, logistics information flow has to be systematic, web-based, virtual, and integrated. Striving to build up a competitive information integration is very important. In order to change the data-entering from a manual mode to a systematic mode the quality and speed are highly expected. RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) development depends largely on high technology of computers, optoelectronics, electronic, telecommunication. Thus, it has tremendous potential to become a synergistic competitive strength in the market This research paper will address RFID implementation, status and future development potential, the application in supply chain management and its core competencies. A case review on Wal-Mart’s success with reference to the following points will be discussed in this paper: 1. What are the core competencies required if one applies RFID? 2. How to apply RFID in the field of Supply Chain Management? 3. What is the add-value if Taiwan Government promotes RFID plans