Burnout syndrome in brasilian competitive elite junior tennis players

The present thesis aimed to investigate Burnout syndrome in Brazilian competitive elite junior tennis players. Two theoretical (systematic reviews) and three empirical studies were conducted in order to assess the objective. The first review investigated the scientific works burnout syndrome among tennis players where the studies found were analyzed by bibliometric and methodological analysis approach. The second systematic review aimed to describe symptoms, causes, consequences and factors associated to burnout syndrome in tennis players. Regarding empirical studies, the first one aimed to describe and analyze tennis players socioeconomic, socio-demographic and athletic profile; the second study analyzed burnout syndrome within different competitive categories (14, 16 e 18 years old) and it was verified which dimension manifested the most in each one of them. The last one identified tennis players at high risk for burnout development and with burnout within the sample, analyzing its sociodemographic and athletic characteristics. Theoretical studies followed the criteria s Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses and were accomplished from Electronic databases search such as: Science Direct, Sport Discus, Scielo, Lilacs, Scopus and PsycINFO. The empirical studies were conducted by a descriptive research of cross-sectional approach. The first two studies were descriptive and quantitative and the last one was a mixed method study case. The sample consisted of 130 tennis players of both genders, being 102 men (x &#773; = 15.14 years-old-± 1.3) and 28 women (x &#773; = 15.04 years-old ± 1.13), who were selected by a non-probabilistic, intentional and convenience protocol, which were collected during two international competition held in Brazil in 2014. Questionnaires were used for data collection: Characterization Questionnaire for High Performance Athletes Tennis Version, Socioeconomic and Athlete Burnout Questionnaire. Data was analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics using the SPSS software version 2.0. Comparative analyses were conducted between categories and intra-categories and calculation of the effect size (r). Results from theoretical studies pointed out that eight scientific papers met eligibility criteria. All studies are descriptive and cross-sectional; mostly examined small samples (n <100) of youngers tennis players. Symptoms reported by the tennis players were energy loss, eating disorders, changes in sleep patterns and mood, which can trigger behaviors of escape and isolation, changing the personal quality of relationships inside and outside of the sport. Excessive training, pressures, parental pressure, coaches and the athlete himself were the main causes of burnout. Excessive training was related with demands of training and competition as well as the excessive involvement in which limits social activities outside of sports. The main consequences were the permanent withdrawal from sport, with negative reflections after leaving and assessing the sport as a traumatic experience. As to the empirical studies results, mostly of the tennis players are A economic status (84.6%), have sponsorship (51.6%), train in southern and southeastern Brazil (91.4%), they are highly involved in competitive sport and 28.7% of them have multidisciplinary teams. Tennis players who were competing in 18 category showed higher general burnout levels (p = 0.013; r = 0.263) and sports devaluation (p = 0,006; r = 0,293) when compared to 16 category and higher general burnout levels (p = 0.001; r = 0.423), physical and emotional exhaustion (p = 0.010; r = 0.316), reduced sense of accomplishment (p = 0.000; r = 0.450) and sport devaluation (p = 0.002; r = 0.423) when compared to the 14 category players. Athletes from 16 category showed higher levels of reduced sense of accomplishment (p = 0.001; r = 0.321) when compared to 14 category. In all categories reduced sense of accomplishment and sport devaluation showed higher and lower scores, respectively. From the 130 tennis players investigated, seven are at high risk for developing burnout or already have burnout. Those players showed different burnout profiles as well as different characteristics for sports history and current training. It was concluded that the scientific works regarding burnout in tennis is recent, scarce and it needs more inquiries, given that it s such a complex and multifaceted phenomenon. The highest levels of general burnout and sport devaluation of tennis players from 18 category suggest that at this phase burnout tends to increase throughout the sports career due to physical and emotional demands and even as decision-making from transition of the youth to professional circuit. However, the results of the last empirical study have shown that burnout also occurs in younger tennis players with different sports experience and training. Those findings reinforce recent theoretical models and the importance of evaluating burnout on an ongoing basis, in order to prevent and coping.A presente dissertação investigou o burnout em Tenistas Infanto-Juvenis Brasileiros Competitivos de Elite. Para tal, foram realizados dois estudos teóricos (revisões sistemáticas de literatura) e três empíricos. A primeira revisão investigou a produção científica sobre burnout em tenistas e realizou uma análise bibliométrica e metodológica dos estudos encontrados. A segunda descreveu sintomas, causas, consequências e fatores associados ao burnout em tenistas. Em relação aos estudos empíricos, o primeiro descreveu e analisou o perfil socioeconômico, sócio-demográfico e esportivo dos tenistas investigados, o segundo analisou o burnout em tenistas de diferentes categorias competitivas (14, 16 e 18 anos) e verificou qual dimensão mais se manifestava em cada uma delas e o terceiro identificou tenistas com alto risco de desenvolver o burnout e com burnout, dentro da amostra, analisando suas características sócio-demográficas e esportivas. Os estudos teóricos seguiram os critérios da Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses e foram realizados a partir da busca nas bases eletrônicas: Science Direct, Sport Discus, Scielo, Lilacs, Scopus e PsyInfo. Os estudos empíricos foram desenvolvidos a partir de uma pesquisa descritiva de campo transversal, sendo dois estudos quantitativos e um estudo de caso, de método misto. A amostra foi composta por 130 tenistas, de ambos os sexos (x&#773; = 15,14 anos ± 1,3), selecionados de forma não probabilística, intencional e por conveniência, em duas competições internacionais realizadas no Brasil em 2014. Os instrumentos foram: Questionário de Caracterização Esportiva de Atletas de Alto Rendimento - Tênis de Campo, Questionário de classificação socioeconômica e Questionário de Burnout para Atletas. Os dados foram analisados por meio de estatística descritiva e inferencial, utilizando o programa SPSS versão 20.0. Foram utilizados testes para comparação entre categorias e intra-categorias e cálculo do tamanho de efeito (r). Em relação aos resultados dos estudos teóricos, foram encontrados oito artigos científicos que investigaram o burnout em tenistas. Todos os estudos são descritivos e transversais, e a maioria investigou amostras pequenas (n