Web-based testing is an effective approach for self-assessment and intelligent tutoring in an e-learning environment. In this paper, we propose a novel framework for Web-based testing and assessment, in particular, for mathematics testing. There are two major components in Web-based mathematics testing and assessment: automatic test paper generation and mathematical answer verification. The proposed framework consists of an efficient constraint-based Divide-and-Conquer approach for automatic test paper generation, and an effective Probabilistic Equivalence Verification algorithm for automatic mathematical answer verification. The performance results have shown that the proposed framework is effective for web-based mathematics testing and as...