Influence of dissolved organic matter on estrone removal by NF membranes and the role of their structures

The influence of different dissolved organic matter (DOM) on the removal of steroid hormone estrone during nanofiltration (NF) processes was investigated. Commercial dextran and humic acid (HA) as well as hydrophobic acid fraction (HpoA) derived from treated effluent were selected as DOM. To better understand the mechanism by which they affect estrone transport across NF membrane, the structural characteristics of DOM were also examined. The experimental results showed that DOM studied displayed obviously diverse impacts on estrone removal by NF membranes. These impacts were found to correlate with the structural characteristics of DOM. The presence of dextran without aromatic ring had little effects on the fate and transport of estrone during NF processes. The addition of HA without phenolic groups but great aromaticity improved estrone adsorption on membrane significantly while the “enhancement effect” on estrone rejection was limited. Moreover, estrone rejection by NF membranes was obviously increased by the presence of HpoA which possesses both phenolic groups and aromaticity. Some of the findings reported may be critically important for understanding the removal mechanism of estrone by NF membrane in real water matrix where various DOM co-pre