Peran Pemerintah Industri dalam Jamu Obat Terstandar terhadap Jamu menjadi Herbal dan Fitofarmaka Upgrading

Jamu, known since the ancestors, is been able to be preserved up to present days. Many people choose jamu since it uses nature materials. Thus, jamu has minor side effect. Jamu is also supported by the abundant of raw materials that could be found in domestic. Based on that, jamu is truly potential to develop. But as time goes by, jamu faces many difficulties to develop. Jamu is not equivalent with common medicine because the lack of scientific evidence. Thus, the research was conducted to identify the role of Indonesian government in encouraging the upgrading in national jamu industry. The research was conducted by taking two study cases, which were Tolak Angin from PT Sido Muncul and Rheumaneer from PT Njonja Meneer. Both of study cases were analyzed using Global Value Chain (GVC) theory. As a consequence, the phase of production and the actors involved in upgrading process would be identified. Next, by using the policy rents as one of aspect of GVC, the reader could understand how the government protected the national jamu industry and create entry barriers for overseas competitor. Then, bot of study cases would be analyzed using governed interdependence to find out how far the cooperation between government and jamu industry in performing upgrading. As a result, the government was not optimal in developing jamu. There were no linkages among related institutions. Moreover, the government did not give full protection toward national jamu industry from foreign competitors. There was also no strong co-operation between government and industry to develop jamu. Thus, governed interdependence did not establishe