Manajemen Kebun Benih Kayuputih di Paliyan Gunungkidul untuk Optimalisasi Perolehan Genetik Hasil Minyak

An ideal seed orchard produces high quality seeds from mother trees characterized by synchronous fertility, flowering synchrony, random mating, and panmictic pollen flow within seed orchard. In order to obtain the genetic gain from seed orchard, genetic aspects research on seed orchard is required to know fertility variation, mating system and pollen flow pattern of mother trees, and controlled pollination results of cajuput seed orchard. This information is essential as main consideration to optimize seed orchard performance. The research was carried out in cajuput seed orchard at Paliyan, Gunungkidul, in order to know fertility variation, mating system and pollen flow pattern of mother trees. Fertility variables were observed for two periods of flowering and fruiting. Mating system was observed on ten selected mother trees based on mixed mating model. Pollen flow pattern was examined on 240 offsprings of the ten selected mother trees using exclusion method for all male parent candidates in seed orchard. Eight microsatellite primers was applied for mating system and pollen flow pattern analysis, and carried out in Molecular Genetic Laboratory, Center for Forest Biotechnology and Tree Improvement, Yogyakarta. The research was also done in full-sib progeny test plantation resulted from controlled pollination of selected plus trees in cajuput seed orchard at Paliyan, in order to evaluate general combining ability, specific combining ability, and gene action in controlling of cajuput characters. Fertility evaluation resulted good performance of seed orchard, indicated by 70- 89% of flowering synchrony, and sibling coefficient of 1.39 and 1.25 in 2010 and 2011 observation, respectively. Although uneven fertility was found, it could be covered by abundance of fruiting trees. The flowering synchrony supported panmictic pollen flow with average pollen range of 43 m and mainly outcrosses mating system (tm=0.9