Penentuan Komposisi Pelarut Etanol-Air Pada Proses Ekstraksi Daun Sirih (Piper betle) Dengan Respon Aktivitas Larvasidal Nyamuk Aedes aegypti Dengan Menggunakan Metode Simplex Lattice Design

Aedes sp. is an intermediate (vector) primary dengue fever. Actions taken to control the disease is to eradicate vectors with insecticides, but many of the problems that arise so that the need for alternative insecticides that are safe for the environment. Betel leaves contain substances that can serve as a natural insecticide and has proven its effectiveness. To get the best solvent composition is necessary for an optimization process. Simplex Lattice Design (SLD) is one method that is commonly used in process optimization in many fields. This study aims to determine the composition of the solvent ethanol that can optimally extract of betel leaf extract to produce the highest larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti. The samples used were third instar larvae of Aedes aegypti and betel leaf extract viscous extracted with various solvent compositions. Betel leaf extract viscous made using the maceration method using 3 variations of the composition of the solvent ethanol: water that is 100:0, 50:50, 0:100. The resulting viscous extract was then tested its activity against the larvae of Aedes aegypti with various concentrations. Observed data is the number of Aedes aegypti larvae were dead within 24 hours. LC50 value can be determined by using probit analysis, while the content of which may play a role in larvicidal activity seen from TLC profiles were analyzed descriptively Probit analysis of the results obtained for the LC50 value of 143.72 ppm ethanol extract, ethanol extract: water at 382.65 ppm and 361.15 ppm of water extract. SLD obtained from calculations based on the equation Y = 143.71 (A) + 361.4 (B) + 520.92 (A) (B). SLD curve indicates that the solvent ethanol: water with composition (100:0) showed the highest larvicidal response. The results of the identification of compounds in betel leaf extract with TLC method showed that the three betel leaf extract contains phenolic compounds and the ethanol extract of betel leaf is estimated to contain saponin compound