PENELUSURAN FILOGENETIK ITIK MAGELANG DAN HUBUNGANNYA DENGAN ITIK LOKAL LAINNYA MENGGUNAKAN ANALISIS D-LOOP DNA MITOKONDRIA (D-loop mtDNA

Polymerase Chain Reaction This research was aimed to investigate the influence of different plume colors towards morphological diversity of Magelang duck and polymorphism in mtDNA Dloop region based on PCR-RFLP and SNP analysis and phylogenetic investigation in five native Indonesian duck population namely Magelang, Tegal, Mojosari, Bali and Alabio. Research materials included blood sample of 50 Magelang ducks with different plume colors and 20 of each native ducks. Morphological characteristics included Magelang duck�s body measurement, egg quality and productive capacity which were analyzed using two-way Completely Randomized Design with 11 different plume colors as treatments. (PCR) technique was used to amplify fragment in mtDNA D-loop region. DNA fragment of 718 bp was amplified with primer pair of DL-AnasPF and DL-AnasPR. PCR products were digested using endonuclease Alu I and Hae III and sequenced afterwards. Research result showed that different plume colors influenced morphological diversity in Magelang duck population. Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis obtained four haplotypes (A, B, C dan D). Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) analysis on mtDNA D-loop region used 469 nt nucleotide sequence and compared to the standard nucleotide sequence from Anas platyrhynchos (HM010684.1) in GenBank. SNP was observed in Magelang duck C (Klawu blorok), F (Hitam cemani), G(Gambiran), H (Jarakan kalung), I (Jowo polos) dan K (Putih polos) and Tegal namely 8, 1, 2, 5, 2, 8 and 2 SNP, respectively. Based on genetic distance and phylogenetic analysis it can be concluded that the population of native Indonesian ducks (Magelang, Tegal, Mojosari, Bali and Alabio) was closely related and shared common maternal inheritance with Anas platyrhynchos and Anas zonorhyncha. it was proven by the inclusion of Anas platyrhynchos and Anas zonorhyncha into native Indonesia ducks, there was 99,68 ± 0,56% common ancestry between native Indonesian ducks and Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos). Based on the research result, it is concluded that: (1) Plume color diversity affect the morphological diversity including body measurement, characteristics of egg production and quality in Magelang duck population. (2) There was polymorphism in mtDNA D-loop region based on PCR-RFLP analysis in Magelang and other native duck population. Magelang and Tegal ducks tend to be more polymorphic than Alabio, Bali and Mojosari ducks. (3) There was polymorphism in mtDNA D-loop region based on SNP analysis in Magelang and other native duck population. Magelang ducks with different plume colors were relatively more polymorphic than the other native Indonesian native ducks, as proven by more 0.000 diverse SNP. (4) There was a relatively diverse genetic relation between Magelang duck and the other native Indonesian ducks with Anas in the world. Magelang, Tegal, Mojosari, Bali and Alabio ducks had a closer genetic relation and shared common maternal inheritance with Anas platyrhynchos and Anas zonorhyncha shown by � 0,019 genetic distance compared to the other Anas in the world (0,055 � 0,076), while the biggest genetic relation was with Cairina moschata (0,095 - 0,108). (5) Nucleotide sequence in part of mtDNA D-loop region can be used to investigate phylogeny of native Indonesian ducks