Airborne Fungi dan Aspergillus flavus Group Penghasil Aflatoksin pada Gudang Penyimpanan Gaplek di Gunung Kidul Yogyakarta

Gaplek is one of the famous agricultural commodities used in overcoming the dependence on staple food in D.I. Yogyakarta. However, during storage, these foods can not be separated from the presence of microbes that are dominated by fungi. The dominant fungi that grow on gaplek is Aspergillus group. Diversity of fungi found in gaplek is affected by the air environment in gaplek storage warehouse. Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus reported producing the highest aflatoxin on the stored food. This study aimed to determine the diversity of airborne fungi in gaplek storage in Gunung Kidul, Yogyakarta and find out the presence of Aspergillus flavus aflatoxin-producing genes. The identification of fungi performed with macroscopically and microscopically observation and confirmed by molecular methods. This study obtained 109 isolates of airborne fungi. Observations in the identification of fungi, of 109 isolates were grouped into 15 species were sorted from the dominance of contamination: Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus tamarii, Penicillium rugulosum, Penicillium polonicum, Aspergillus versicolor, Penicillium griseofulvum, Eurotium herbariorum, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus sydowii , Aspergillus wentii, Cladosporium marcocarpum, Cladosporium sphaerospermum, Talaromyces erythromellis, Trichoderma viride. The 31 isolates that had reverse orange-colored colonies on media Aspergillus flavus-parasiticus Agar (AFPA) used in differentiating isolates of A. flavus and A. parasiticus with other isolates. The 26 A. flavus-expected isolates that had the ability to produce aflatoxin, showed the blue flourescense in Coconut Cream Agar (CCA). Of the 19 isolates of A. flavus that had been molecularly tested, overall had β-tubulin gene with 99% similarity of A. flavus and 16 isolates had a gene aflR, nor-1, and omtB that play a role in producing aflatoxin. On the other hand, there are 3 isolates that did not have any of these three genes producing aflatoxin, it is positively correlated to the absensence of blue fluorosence of these A. flavus isolates as if the media was observed in CCA. One of the dominant fungi found on indoor airborne Gaplek warehouse in Gunung Kidul Yogyakarta was Aspergillus flavus which had the aflatoxigenic properties and capability of producing aflatoxin