ANALISIS KONTRASTIF KALIMAT PASIF BAHASA INDONESIA DAN BAHASA JEPANG

This study aims at (1) describing the rules of the passive voice in Indonesian and Japanese languages, (2) finding the markers of passive sentences in Indonesian and Japanese languages, (3) describing the similarities and differences of passive sentences in Indonesian and Japanese. The data is collected by the descriptive method. The method of data analysis is contrastive analysis. The result of data analysis is presented by method. Indonesian passivization explained by the change of morphology on the verb, for example Indonesian language passive using markers di-, ter-, ke-an, and diri. Meanwhile, Japanese language passivization is described by verbs and nouns functioning as object in passive sentences. Japanese verbs are divided into consonant verbs, vowel verbs, and irregular verbs. Passive sentences in Japanese language are marked by: marker ni + V-areru for consonant verbs, markers ni + V-areru for vocal verbs, ni + V-areru for irregular verbs, and ni + yotte V-areru/V-rareru for verbs that is followed as object inanimate nouns. There are two kinds of passivization in Indonesian: direct passive using transitive verbs and indirect passive using intransitive verbs. Similarly there are two passivization in Japanese: passivization using direct object and using indirect object. However, the indirect passivization of Japanese can use transitive verbs or intransitive verbs. Japanese passive sentences express the completion of an action and unpleasant meaning. In comparison Japanese passive sentence is not used as regularly as Indonesian passive, because Japanese passive tends to express point of view first person. The difference found in Indonesian passive sentences is that in the indirect passivization, there is confix di-kan or di-i which has the same meanings that is: benefactive and lokative. Meanwhile, the difference between confix di-i and di-kan is that di-i is locative. Japanese passive sentence markers are V-areru / V-rareru which functions as passive which cannot demonstrate a causative or locative meaning. In addition, other difference between passive sentences in Indonesian and Japanese is that in Japanese it is important to know whether the subjec