SUBSISTENSI DAN EKONOMISASI HUTAN (Studi Kasus Pemanfaatan Kayu Hutan Rakyat di Kabupaten Gunungkidul)

Characteristics of community forests management are individualized, unresponsive, subsistence, and as the savings for the family of community forests owners in the increasing raw material needs situation by the forest industries. Is there a shift of community forests woods as the fulfillment of the families needs toward the market needs in the process of community forests management? This study aimed to explore the sociological explanation of timber using of community forests to fulfill the economic needs of farmers and market demand. What and when commodification occurs in community forests and what the factors that influence commodification. This study is located in Gunungkidul District by taking a village as a unit of study, the Girisekar Village, Panggang Subdistrict. To explore the characteristics of community forests, mechanism of activities, and the meanings of the community forests functions to accomplish the families needs and the market needs, the study is using several approachments: subsistence and peasant theory discourse, the theory of James Scott morality in the context of community forests management. Meanwhile, to see market pressures and the commodification of forests, this study attempts to use the economic market approachment theory. The results showed that: First, a) the timber using of community forests has a different meaning between farmers and traders. The function of timber using of community forests for farmers has funtions in order to keep survive of their life and as a backup of their families needs. This phenomenon became known as a subsistence cultural development which is a way of life to sustain their lives.At the level of traders, the meaning of timber using of community forests tend to get the maximum benefit.b) Market penetration into community forests is done by timber sales transactions between traders and farmers.The existence of the market through timber sales transactions between farmers and traders, gives the meaning or mutually beneficial symbiotic mutualism among them.The existence of the market through traders is an incentive for farmers to their subsistence efforts in order to survive, while for traders, they get huge profits from the transaction process by utilizing subsistence farmers' livelihoods.This is called the level of subsistence farmers that they already have the logic and morality of the economy, while at the traders level, they have the logic of the market economy.Second, commodification of forests occur at the level of the traders to the industries if it is viewed in the distribution chain of forests.Traders and industry turn Teak trees to be lumber sawn or as raw materials for making wooden furniture, such as chairs, tables, beds, and shelving books according to market demand.Third, commodification wood utilization that occurred at the traders level, mostly caused two factors: internal factors and external factors. Internal factors related to get maximum profit. External factors related to the adjustment of the market demand