Tata Kelola Perparkiran: Pemerintah dan Kekuatan Informal Lainnya (Studi Kasus Plaza Sriwedani dan Malioboro II)

Parking implementation policy is an important policy in urban management to support the traffic arrangement as well as the strengthening of local revenues through the retribution. As one potential source of local revenue, revenue from parking retribution is prone to leak and irregularities in the planning and implementation of policies. This research aims to describe the parking management policies that have been implemented in Yogyakarta municipality, and reveal the existence of informal management in dealing with parking retribution which cause revenue from this sector are not optimal. The Analytical perspective used is the political economy perspective to explain the motives behind the behavior of politicians, bureaucrats, businessman and interest groups in policy-making related to parking retribution. The research method used is a qualitative descriptive method, because the study objectives is to explore, describe, and then understand about its formal and informal management of parking retribution in Yogyakarta. This study identifies two main things that happen in the management of parking retribution in Yogyakarta. First, the low parking retribution revenues is because of the using targets as bases for parking retribution revenue. The local government did not have the will to optimize the potential revenue, but more probusiness interests. The revenue targets that charged to parking area managers lower than its real potential. In the implementation stage, irregularities and violations of the policy had causes revenue leakage. Secondly, parking in Yogyakarta is not only formally managed, but there are other informally management organized that power and control over the management of parking. Informal organization of this parking area involves the internal local government and major society actors who exchange economic resources and power resources in the informal market. The low of retribution target payments to the government, create economic rents. The profit share distributed to actors who are members of informal networks. Target system that is applied in the management of parking retribution revenues, shows many weaknesses. To minimize the presence of informal management practices in parking management which led to the leakage of revenue, management retribution at on street parking can be refunded at retribution mechanism, and management off street parking can use the barrier gate system. So that, the number of service users can be better recorded and monitored