IMPLEMENTASI PNPM MANDIRI DALAM UPAYA PENANGGULANGAN KEMISKINAN (Kasus PNPM Mandiri Perdesaan dan Perkotaan) di Kecamatan Lohbener dan Kandanghaur, Kabupaten Indramayu, Propinsi Jawa Barat)

Indonesia had been implemented poverty alleviation programs since its independence through various approaches such as regional development approach, community development and basic needs fulfillment approach. Within the last seven years, between 2001 and 2008, budget allocation for poverty alleviation program increased significantly. However, the increased budget was not followed by the decrease of the number of poor people, even experienced stagnation. According to report and evaluation published by the National Team for Poverty Alleviation (TKPK), ineffectiveness of poverty alleviation efforts caused by some problems such as bad coordination in policy planning, budgeting, updating data and dysfunction of institution aimed to support poverty alleviation efforts. In responding some causes of ineffectiveness of poverty alleviation efforts, in the 30 th April 2007, the government of Indonesia has launched the National Program for Community Empowerment (PNPM Mandiri). This flagship program is an umbrella policy that functioned as a medium to coordinate, integrate and harmonize poverty alleviation programs into one umbrella. This research assesses how implementation of PNPM Mandiri as an umbrella policy in alleviate poverty in Indramayu regency, especially in two sub districts, which are Kandanghaur sub districts and Lohbener sub districts, done by some implementers. Some factors have been analyzed to identify which factor has significant influence to the successful of PNPM Mandiri implementation. This research revealed some conclusions, which are: i) community participation increased, but more procedura