DAMPAK KEBIJAKAN TARIF DAN NON-TARIF TERHADAP PERMINTAAN DAN DAYA SAING TUNA INDONESIA DI PASAR UNI EROPA, AMERIKA DAN JEPANG

This research is mainly based on the condition that export of fishery product from Indonesia and others developing countries was faced on some of marketing problems expecially tariff barrier (high and discriminative) and non tariff barriers (Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures/SPS and Technical Barrier to Trade/TBT) which more strict and various in three major market (European Union, United States of America and Japan). Both of this policy have been led to increase price of tuna export in developing countries and decrease the competitiveness of Indonesia�s tuna commodity. The objective of this study is to analyse the impact of implementation tariff and non-tariff policy also the other factors on demand and competitiveness Indonesia�s tuna commodity. Panel data was implemented in this research because beside used anually time series data during the period 1983-2008 also used cross section data which describe the demand and competitiveness condition of Indonesia�s tuna commodity in three major market. Equation models in this research were estimated with Generalized Least Square ( GLS) method with fixed effect to analyse all of demand and competitiveness of export tuna in three major market and Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method to analyse demand and competitiveness of export tuna in each market. Meanwhile the competitiveness of tuna is measured using Revealed Comparatif Advantage (RCA) index. The results show that export price in European union and shrimp price in Japan are main factors the demand of Indonesia�s tuna export in three major market. The change of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) Japan has not been influenced the demand of Indonesia�s tuna export to these country because Japan�s import of fishery product from Indonesia has been done frequently and Indonesia�s market share is very high. Export tuna from Indonesia is competing with export tuna from Thailand in European and Japan market while with export tuna from Philippines in USA market. Tariff policy more reduce and didn�t influenced on demand and competitiveness. This finding were confirmed by significancy which more little than non-tariff policy. To increase both demand and competitiveness Indonesia�s export tuna commodity, tarif and non-tariff policy must been concerned by Indonesia�s exporte