DIVERSITAS GENETIK DURIAN (Durio zibethinus Murr.) LOKAL KALIMANTAN BERDASARKAN PENANDA MOLEKULAR RAPD (Random Amplified Polimorphic DNA)

Kalimantan is one of the centers origin of durian (Durio spp.) in the world. The objective of this study was to investigate the genetic diversity of local durian (Durio zibethinus Murr.) germplasms in Kalimantan by using RAPD markers. Fourteen samples of durian germplasm and six RAPD primer (OPA-01, OPA-02, OPA-07, OPA-16, OPA-18, and OPA-19) were used in this study. DNAs were extracted from leaf tissues according to the protocol of nucleon phytopure (Amersham Bioscience). PCR reactions were performed for genomic DNA in a total volume 25 µl reaction volumes in 600 µl tubes. Amplifications were performed on a PCR Thermal Cycler (Applied Biosystem 9700) with cycling conditions were initial denaturation process at 94°C for 5 minute, denaturation process at 94°C for 30 seconds, annealing process at 37°C for 30 seconds, extension process at 72°C for 90 seconds, and final extension at 72°C for 7 minutes. Variations of the PCR products was scored based on the presence (1) and absence (0) of bands on the images taken from the gels. The NTSys-PC software was used to compute Dice�s coefficients of similarity, and the dendrogram was constructed using Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA). This study showed that the 14 durian germplasm were grouped into two main distinct clusters, and the germplasms generally showed high variations. The higher value of similarity were shown by durian Likol dan Sipisang at 95%, while the lower value of similarity were shown by durian Enam Hapat and Siitik with other durian germplasm at 67%. Based on these study, RAPD primer of OPA-01, OPA-07, OPA-16, OPA-18, and OPA-19 can be used to determine the variation (genetic diversity) of these durian germplasm, at 91,70% polimorphism