MONOPOLI GARAM DI MADURA 1905-1920 The Monopoly of Salt in Madura

ABSTRACTMadura is often called the salt island because there are many people in the area produced salt. Apart from the many places for producing salt, the quality of the salt produced is good.During the Dutch East Indies Company period, the production of salt in Madura was limited because then many of salt territory were pawned by the noble to the Chinese entrepreneur. The situation then made some buyers control the salt selling in some areas under their control.During the British rule, Raffles abolished the pawn system and then created the basis of monopoly on the salt. Due to the short period of the rule, the abolishment of the system was not completely done. After the rule was over, the basis and implementation of monopoly was continued by the Dutch government.Basically, the monopoly of salt was about the regulations on the making and selling of salt. In the regulations, all salt fields were required for producing salt and the results had to be submitted to the government with a particular price or determined compensation. Therefore, the government was the monopoly holder on selling the salt.During it's development, the government still held monopoly because, as well as yielding provites, the monopoly functioned to retain the authority of law. And even to complete the management of salt, the government set up a state enterprise. Under this enterpise, the management of salt was carried out by using a better book keeping. Besides, there was a shift on the supervision and maintenance from the warehouse to the fields.After the emergence of Sarekat Islam, and particulary Sarekat Islam of Madura branch, the organization could accomodate complaints from different salt producers and then addressed them to the government. Finally, this policy on salt which became one of the Sarekat Islam's programmes which caused the Sarekat Islam's decline in Madura. Keywords: Monopoly, entrepeneur, pawn system, state enterprise, bookkeeping