Ekstrak Etanol Biji Mimba (Azadirachta Indica. A Juss): Efikasi Fase Air Sebagai Larvisida Dan Pengatur Perkembangan, Dan Fase Minyak Sebagai Repelen Terhadap Nyamuk (Diptera : Culicidae)

ABSTRACT Chemical control has become the method of choice in many mosquito control programmes. Botanical insecticides offer an environmentally safer and more efficient to syntetic chemical insecticide. Neem (Azadirachta indica A.Juss) has emerged as the alternative to chemical insecticides due to its biodegradability, relatively low toxicity and botanical nature. Its property as antifeedant, repellent and growth regulator on several insects species has been introduced. The aim of this study was to observe the efficacy of ethanol extract of A. indica seed : the water phase either as larvicide or insect growth regulator, and the oil phase as repellent against Aedes aegypti, Culex quinquefasciatus and Anopheles aconitus mosquitoes. In this study, efficacy as larvicide, several series concentrations (%, w/v) of the water phase of ethanol extract of A. indica seed (EEAIS) were exposed to test larvae of the three mosquitoes species for 24 hours, percent mortality rate was counted larvae and analysed with Lethal Concentration (LC)50with probit analysis. Efficacy as Insect Growth Regulator (IGR) LC50 of the water phase of EEAIS against larvae of the three species mosquitoes, percent total number was counted of larvae growing to pupae and adult and then Survival Time (ST)50 was analysed with probit analysis of larvae, pupae and adult respectively. Efficacy as repellent, several series concentrations (%, v/v) of the oil phase of EEAIS applied on volunteer hand were exposed to test mosquitoes for 5 menit each time observation periode, RC90 and then RET50 were analysed with probit analysis. The results, as larvicide, LC50, and LC90 (%, w/v) of the water phase of EEAIS showed : 0.34% and 0.56