Letras de mem?ria : o ind?gena como cron?topo da narrativa do passado no per?odo Imperial, dos estudos hist?ricos ao romance indianista de Jos? de Alencar (1820-1870).

Inserindo-se no debate atual sobre a forma??o da cultura hist?rica brasileira, no s?culo XIX, este trabalho estuda as rela??es entre a constru??o da mem?ria nacional, as letras e o ind?gena, no per?odo imperial. ? nosso objetivo demonstrar que, no momento de constitui??o de uma cultura hist?rica nacional (1820 a 1870), as letras nacionais assumiram a responsabilidade de construir a mem?ria hist?rica, apresentando como resultado a elabora??o de um cron?topo tempo hist?rico local (Gumbrecht): o cron?topo do ind?gena, que se tornaria a chave de leitura e organiza??o do passado nacional. Esta disserta??o pretende por em evid?ncia o processo de desenvolvimento deste cron?topo, desde o momento projetivo at? a consolida??o do mesmo pelas narrativas hist?ricas. Ao final pretendemos que se torne clara a import?ncia do cron?topo do ind?gena como referencial de historicidade eleito pelas letras imperiais, ferramenta de interpreta??o e organiza??o do passado e artefato de consolida??o da cultura hist?rica nacional no per?odo. Nesse intuito, aqui ser?o avaliados textos de hist?ria da literatura, projetos historiogr?ficos, ensaios de etnografia e romances hist?ricos, num corpus selecionado qualitativamente entre os autores e textos mais importantes do per?odo e cujos trabalhos se guiam ostensivamente no sentido de colaborar na narrativa hist?rica. A partir deste recorte vertical nos debates e textos que discutem a presen?a dos ind?genas na hist?ria nacional brasileira, pretendemos destacar a import?ncia do tema para a cultura hist?rica do per?odo, como tamb?m a relev?ncia dos romances de Alencar como colaboradores na constru??o de uma mem?ria nacional.Entering in the current debate about the forming of a historical culture in Brazil, at the nineteenth century, this dissertation studies the relationships between the construction of national memory, the writing works and the indigenous in the imperial period. It is our goal to demonstrate that at the time of formation of a cultural history for the nation (between 1820 and 1870), the national writers assumed responsibility for the construction of memory, presenting as results the development of a specific historical chronotope for national purposes: the chronotope of the Indigenous, who become the key to reading and organizing the national past. This work aims to highlight the process of developing this chronotope, from the time of initial projects until such time that the chronotope is consolidated by historical narratives. At the end we want to make clear the importance of this chronotope as a reference of Brazilian historicity elected by imperial intelligentsia, and as a tool of interpretation and organization of the past and consolidation of national historical culture in the period. On this purpose, we will evaluate together texts on the history of literature, projects for narrate the nation's history, ethnographic essays and historical novels, in a qualitatively selection of the textual corpus, picking up among the most important authors and texts of the period and whose works are guided ostensibly to collaborate in historical narrative. From a vertical cut in the debates and texts that discuss the presence of Indians in the Brazilian national history, we intend to highlight the importance of the issue to the historical culture of the period, as well as the relevance of Jos? de Alencar's novels as collaborators in the construction of a national me