Existing of White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV), Taura Syndrome Virus (TSV) and Infectious Hypodermal Haematopoitic Necrosis Virus (IHHNV) in White Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei Reared at Intensive Tambak System in Bakauheni, Lampung Selatan

Development of white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei culture to increase production yield should take attention in prevention of viral outbreak which is a main factor caused harvesting failure. Viruses that usually infect shrimp are white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), taura syndrome virus (TSV) dan infectious hypodermal hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV). To prevent virus infection and reduce risk of fail to harvest, an early warning and observation system of availability of pathogen should be taken in order to know the shrimp condition during culture process. This study was performed to examine existing of WSSV, TSV and IHHNV in shrimp reared in tambak by PCR and histopathology methods. Samples were taken every two weeks from tambak culture at Bakauheni, Penengahan, Lampung Selatan. Generally, WSSV, TSV, and IHHNV were found in shrimp from tambak and water around tambak. Virus infection was first detected in shrimp derived from tambak on 66 days after crop and still exists until 107 days after crop. Hepatopancreatic cell disorder caused by the three viruses were found in cell nuclei that became bigger, necrosis in cytoplasm and inclusion body at nuclei. The existing of virus in outside of tambak indicated that virus was horizontally transmitted. Keywords: WSSV, TSV, IHHNV, white shrimp ABSTRAK Perkembangan budidaya udang vaname Litopenaeus vannamei dalam usaha meningkatkan hasil produksi harus memperhatikan keberadaan penyakit viral yang menjadi penyebab utama kegagalannya. Virus yang biasa menyerang vaname antara lain white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), taura syndrome virus (TSV) dan infectious hypodermal hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV). Untuk mengantisipasi penyebaran virus dan mengurangi resiko kegagalan produksi diperlukan usaha pencegahan dengan melakukan peringatan dini (early warning) dan pemantauan tambak terhadap keberadaan patogen tersebut selama masa budidaya. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui keberadaan WSSV, TSV dan IHHNV yang menginfeksi udang vaname dengan analisa polymerase chain reaction (PCR) dan histopatologis. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan sebanyak delapan kali setiap dua minggu di tambak intensif udang vaname Litopenaeus vannamei di Bakauheni, Penengahan, Lampung Selatan. Secara umum, WSSV, TSV dan IHHNV telah ditemukan pada tambak serta di perairan sekitar lokasi tersebut. Infeksi virus pertama kali terdeteksi di tambak ketika udang berumur 66 hari setelah penebaran dan terdeteksi pula pada waktu pengamatan selanjutnya sampai udang berumur 107 hari setelah penebaran. Kerusakan akibat serangan ketiga jenis virus tersebut terjadi pada bagian inti sel yang mengalami pembesaran, nekrosis pada sitoplasma dan badan inklusi yang menekan inti sel. Pola transmisi virus yang terjadi adalah secara horizontal yang didukung oleh terdeteksinya virus tersebut pada udang di luar tambak. Kata kunci : WSSV, TSV, IHHNV, udang vanam