Relacijsko sebstvo in moderni subjekt v klasični in sodobni kitajski filozofiji: od etike vlog do transformativnega sebstva

This article follows the presumption that the Enlightenment concepts of the autonomous human subject and humanism are outdated in their present form. Therefore, they can no longer serve as the ideational basis of contemporary globalised and highly differentiated societies. The individual’s free will can no longer rely on ethical maxims, for in the highly differentiated social and technological contexts of contemporary societies, the latter can no longer serve as reliable criteria for categorical imperatives. This means that both the moral and political autonomy of the individual are endangered. On the other hand, these ideas belong to the most important cultural and philosophical legacies of Europe. Therefore, they must be placed into a contrastive and dialectical relation with similar legacies of non-European cultures. A synthesis of different humanistic traditions is thus not only possible, but also urgently needed. The article focuses on a survey of the subject-related concepts within Chinese philosophy, and exposes their traditional bases as well as the specific Chinese understanding of the notion of the self.Članek izhaja iz predpostavke, da sta razsvetljenska koncepta avtonomnega subjekta in humanizma v sedanji obliki zastarela in neprimerna za idejno osnovo sodobnega časa. Svobodna volja posameznika nima več opore v etičnih maksimah, saj te znotraj visoko diferenciranih socialnih in tehnoloških kontekstov sodobnih družb ne morejo več služiti kot zanesljivi kriteriji realizacije moralnih imperativov. To pa pomeni, da je ogrožena tako moralna kot tudi politična avtonomija posameznika. Avtorica izhaja iz predpostavke, da sodijo tovrstne ideje po drugi strani k najpomembnejšim kulturnim in filozofskim dediščinam Evrope in da je zato treba ta koncepta postaviti v plodno kontrastivno, poliloško in dialektično razmerje s sorodnimi dediščinami neevropskih kultur. Sinteza različnih tradicij humanizma namreč ni samo mogoča, temveč tudi nujna. Članek se pri tem osredotoča na pregled subjektu sorodnih konceptov znotraj kitajske filozofije, pri čemer poudari tradicionalne osnove ter specifično kitajsko razumevanje pojma sebstva