Management of wild boar (Sus scrofa L.) population in HD Jelen

V diplomskem delu analiziramo gospodarjenje z divjim prašičem (Sus scrofa) v lovišču s posebnim namenom (LPN) Jelen za obdobje od leta 1982 do leta 2010. Analize smo opravili za celotno lovišče, s čimer smo skušali zmanjšati vplive naključnih dogodkov. Cilj gospodarjenja v LPN Jelen je zagotovitev kar najboljše spolne in starostne strukture populacije divjega prašiča in zadrževanje vrste v delih lovišča, kjer povzroča najmanj škode. Dinamiko odstrela smo analizirali za celotno obdobje raziskave za vsako leto posebej in za pet-letna obdobja. Za obdobje 1982-2010 smo odstrel analizirali po spolni in starostni strukturi, od leta 1996 do leta 2010 smo izvedeni odstrel primerjali tudi z načrtom odstrela. Za obdobje 2001-2010 smo opravili analizo povprečnih tež uplenjenih živali, ločeno po spolni in starostni strukturi. V raziskovalnem obdobju je količina pokrmljene koruze za divjega prašiča upadla. Ugotovili smo, da se je odstrel v raziskovalnem obdobju močno spreminjal in znašal v povprečju 43 živali na leto. Od leta 2006 do 2009 je odstrel strmo narasel in v zadnjem pet-letnem obdobju dosegel 239 % povprečnega letnega odstrela v celotnem obdobju (96 živali na leto). Odstrela ozimcev in lanščakov odstopa od splošnih smernic. Pri analizi vrednosti temperatur in količine padavin za analizirano obdobje gospodarjenja nismo zaznali ekstremnih vremenskih dejavnikov. Ugotovili pa smo, da so bili v letih 2006-2009 vremenski pogoji v območju verjetno ugodnejši za populacijo divjega prašiča in bi lahko vplivali na ustreznost habitata in povečano prisotnost živali v lovišču. Cilj gospodarjenja v lovišču je zaenkrat obdržati trend naraščanja staleža divjega prašiča, četudi razmere zanj morda niso najboljše.An overall review of boar population management for the territory of HD Jelen in the period from 1982 until 2010 is given in this thesis. Management analysis is focused on a whole HD Jelen in order to minimize the impact of some random or contingency event. The aim of management is to ensure the best internal structure between the boar population and retain species in the area of HD Jelen where causing the minimum damage. The game harvest dynamics was analyzing for the whole period, separately for each year and for five-year periods. For the period between 1982 until 2010 we analyzed the harvested game by gender and age structure and from 1996 until 2010 the game harvest was analyzed in correlation with bag plan and for the period from 2001 until 2010 we showed the results of average weight of animals. Within researching period, the consumption of corn fodder is on the decrease. Analyzed shown that the harvest game in the past was oscillating, with an average 43 heads per year. From the year 2006 until 2009 we found out fast increasing tendency of bag and in to the last five-year period reach 239% of an annual average of harvest game (96 heads per year). The overview of the harvest game results in the youngest age structure of animal, showed us declinations in relations with general guidance for harvest game. During same period we analyzed values of temperatures and atmospheric precipitations and we did not recognize extreme climate and weather factors. We did find out, that in period between 2006 and 2009 the climate factors were advantageous for boar population and might have had an influence on living conditions and increased presence of animal in HD. Goal of the management in HD for time being is still to retain the increasing trend of boar population, although environmental conditions are not suitable