The Azores archipelago, Portugal: improved understanding of small island coastal hazards and mitigation measures

Coastal zones are vital to small islands due to limited land availability and ocean exposure. Their significance and resident dependence result in a need to address unique small island coastal zone concerns. Recent population concentrations and increased economic activity along with accompanying lucrative coastal development are posing significant threats to human and natural system well-being. Potential environmental hazards therefore play an important role in coastal vulnerability and risk assessment, and it is only by understanding causes and consequences that policy makers, along with scientists and the public, can establish appropriate mitigation measures. This paper addresses the lack of specific small island studies, including their unique circumstances. Coastal hazards are assessed and effective mitigation strategies suggested. A case study of the Azores archipelago highlights specific coastal hazards and demonstrates the importance of public participation when implementing mitigation measures. Furthermore, the inclusion of an external neutral and unbiased coastal management expert within the public participation process facilitated successful development of Azorean Coastal Zone Management Plans.publishe