W^5: A Meta-Model for Pen-and-Paper Interaction

Pen-and-Paper Interaction (PPI) is used in an increasing number of applications to bridge the digital-physical gap between paper and interactive computer systems. We present W5, a meta-model for describing PPI, and demonstrate its expressiveness by applying it to several interaction techniques from the literature. In doing so, we derive a set of basic interaction primitives, which can be used to inform the design of development toolkits for PPI and guide interaction designers in a structured exploration of the design space. We present a proof-of-concept implementation for a PPI toolkit based on W5 in order to demonstrate the practical relevance of our findings