Data consistencies of swift heavy ion induced damage creation in yttrium iron garnet analyzed by different techniques

Pronounced swelling is observed when single crystals of yttrium iron garnet Y3Fe5O12 (YIG) are irradiated in the electronic energy loss regime with various swift heavy ions. The out-of-plane swelling was measured by scanning across the border line between an irradiated and a virgin area of the sample surface with the tip of a profilometer. The step height varied between 20 and 600 nm depending on fluence, electronic energy loss and total range of the ions. The step height divided by the ion range as a function of the ion fluence exhibits a linear increase in the initial phase and saturates at high fluences leading to a density decrease of around 1.7%. With complementary channeling-Rutherford-backscattering experiments (c-RBS), the damage fraction and the corresponding damage cross section were extracted and compared to the cross section deduced from swelling measurements. Irradiation effects were also characterized by scanning force microscopy (SFM). A threshold for damage creation as deduced from all the present physical characterizations is 5.5 ± 1.0 keV/nm. The value is in full agreement with previous measurements confirming that swelling and SFM characterizations can provide information concerning the electronic energy loss threshold for track formation. In contrast, track radii deduced from swelling measurements are smaller and radii from SFM are larger than deduced from c-RBS analysis. The results of Y3Fe5O12 of this work are compared with data obtained for other crystalline oxides and for ionic crystals